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HackTricks - Boitatech
  • HackTricks
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    • Checklist - Local Windows Privilege Escalation
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      • AppendData/AddSubdirectory permission over service registry
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      • DPAPI - Extracting Passwords
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    • NTLM
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    • Basic CMD for Pentesters
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  • Mobile Apps Pentesting
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      • Drozer Tutorial
        • Exploiting Content Providers
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      • Frida Tutorial
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        • Objection Tutorial
      • Google CTF 2018 - Shall We Play a Game?
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      • Intent Injection
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      • React Native Application
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  • Pentesting
    • Pentesting Network
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    • Pentesting SAP
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    • 21 - Pentesting FTP
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    • 22 - Pentesting SSH/SFTP
    • 23 - Pentesting Telnet
    • 25,465,587 - Pentesting SMTP/s
      • SMTP - Commands
    • 43 - Pentesting WHOIS
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          • disable_functions bypass - Imagick <= 3.3.0 PHP >= 5.4 Exploit
          • disable_functions - PHP 5.x Shellshock Exploit
          • disable_functions - PHP 5.2.4 ionCube extension Exploit
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP <= 5.2.9 on windows
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP 5.2.4 and 5.2.5 PHP cURL
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP safe_mode bypass via proc_open() and custom environment Exploit
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP Perl Extension Safe_mode Bypass Exploit
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP 5.2.3 - Win32std ext Protections Bypass
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP 5.2 - FOpen Exploit
          • disable_functions bypass - via mem
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      • Python
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      • XSS to RCE Electron Desktop Apps
    • 88tcp/udp - Pentesting Kerberos
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    • 110,995 - Pentesting POP
    • 111/TCP/UDP - Pentesting Portmapper
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    • 135, 593 - Pentesting MSRPC
    • 137,138,139 - Pentesting NetBios
    • 139,445 - Pentesting SMB
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    • 161,162,10161,10162/udp - Pentesting SNMP
      • SNMP RCE
    • 194,6667,6660-7000 - Pentesting IRC
    • 264 - Pentesting Check Point FireWall-1
    • 389, 636, 3268, 3269 - Pentesting LDAP
    • 500/udp - Pentesting IPsec/IKE VPN
    • 502 - Pentesting Modbus
    • 512 - Pentesting Rexec
    • 513 - Pentesting Rlogin
    • 514 - Pentesting Rsh
    • 515 - Pentesting Line Printer Daemon (LPD)
    • 548 - Pentesting Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)
    • 554,8554 - Pentesting RTSP
    • 623/UDP/TCP - IPMI
    • 631 - Internet Printing Protocol(IPP)
    • 873 - Pentesting Rsync
    • 1026 - Pentesting Rusersd
    • 1080 - Pentesting Socks
    • 1098/1099/1050 - Pentesting Java RMI - RMI-IIOP
    • 1433 - Pentesting MSSQL - Microsoft SQL Server
    • 1521,1522-1529 - Pentesting Oracle TNS Listener
      • Oracle Pentesting requirements installation
      • TNS Poison
      • Remote stealth pass brute force
      • Oracle RCE & more
    • 1723 - Pentesting PPTP
    • 1883 - Pentesting MQTT (Mosquitto)
    • 2049 - Pentesting NFS Service
    • 2301,2381 - Pentesting Compaq/HP Insight Manager
    • 2375, 2376 Pentesting Docker
    • 3128 - Pentesting Squid
    • 3260 - Pentesting ISCSI
    • 3299 - Pentesting SAPRouter
    • 3306 - Pentesting Mysql
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    • 3690 - Pentesting Subversion (svn server)
    • 4369 - Pentesting Erlang Port Mapper Daemon (epmd)
    • 5000 - Pentesting Docker Registry
    • 5353/UDP Multicast DNS (mDNS)
    • 5432,5433 - Pentesting Postgresql
    • 5601 - Pentesting Kibana
    • 5671,5672 - Pentesting AMQP
    • 5800,5801,5900,5901 - Pentesting VNC
    • 5984,6984 - Pentesting CouchDB
    • 5985,5986 - Pentesting WinRM
    • 6000 - Pentesting X11
    • 6379 - Pentesting Redis
    • 8009 - Pentesting Apache JServ Protocol (AJP)
    • 8089 - Splunkd
    • 9000 - Pentesting FastCGI
    • 9001 - Pentesting HSQLDB
    • 9042/9160 - Pentesting Cassandra
    • 9100 - Pentesting Raw Printing (JetDirect, AppSocket, PDL-datastream)
    • 9200 - Pentesting Elasticsearch
    • 10000 - Pentesting Network Data Management Protocol (ndmp)
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    • 44818/UDP/TCP - Pentesting EthernetIP
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  • Pentesting Web
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    • challenge-0521.intigriti.io
    • Try Hack Me
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      • Pickle Rick
  • 1911 - Pentesting fox
  • Online Platforms with API
  • Stealing Sensitive Information Disclosure from a Web
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On this page
  • Vendors
  • HP (Chai/OXP)
  • Canon (MEAP)
  • Xerox/Dell (EIP)
  • Brother (BSI)
  • Lexmark (eSF)
  • Samsung (XOA)
  • Ricoh (ESA)
  • Kyocera/Utax (HyPAS)
  • Konica Minolta (bEST)
  • Toshiba (e-BRIDGE)
  • Sharp (OSA)
  • Oki (sXP)
  • Results
  • How to test for this attack?
  • Who can perform this attack?

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  1. Pentesting
  2. Pentesting Printers

Software packages

Info from http://hacking-printers.net/wiki/index.php/Software_packages

PreviousPhysical DamageNextTransmission channel

Last updated 3 years ago

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In the recent years, printer vendors have started to introduce the possibility to install custom software on their devices. The format of such ‘printer apps’ is proprietary and SDKs are not available to the public. The feature of writing customized software which runs on printers was intended and is reserved for resellers and contractors, not for end-users. Hereby a printer fleet can be adapted to the special needs and business processes of a company; document solution providers can easily integrate printers into their management software. One popular example is NSi AutoStore which can be installed on many MFPs and automatically uploads scanned or copied documents to predefined locations. Obviously, the feature to run custom code on a printer device is a potential security threat. Furthermore code signing of software packages is potentially harder than it is for as software is not only written by the printer manufacturer but by a broader range of developers who need to be in possession of the secret key to sign their software. Therefore it is logical to include the secret key in SDKs which are protected by being exclusively available from developer platforms. This article is an effort to systematically gather information on vendor-specific software platforms/SDKs.

Vendors

In the following a rough outline on the software platforms provided by major printer vendors to extend functionality of their devices is given.

HP (Chai/OXP)

HP introduced their ‘Chai Appliance Platform’ platform in 1999 to run Java applications on LaserJet printers. While an SDK had been open to the public at first , access was later restricted to members of HP's developer network. Chai servlets which come as .jar files which originally needed to be certified and signed by HP before they would be accepted by a printer device. discovered a flaw in the deployment process: by installing EZloader – an alternative loader software provided by HP which had already been signed – they were able to upload and run their own, unsigned Java packages. As it seems, code signing was completely dropped by HP for later Chai versions: were able to write and execute a proof-of-concept printer malware which listens on port 9100 and uploads incoming documents to an FTP server before printing them. Their code is based on who extended the device to support load-balancing and included the required SDK files and proprietary Java libraries in their demonstration. With the libraries, arbitrary Java code can be complied and executed on older HP LaserJets by uploading the .jar files to a ‘hidden’ URL: . This attack can be carried out if no password has yet been set for the embedded web server. Otherwise, the password must first be retrieved from /dev/rdsk_jdi_cfg0 with PostScript (see ) or bypassed by resetting the device to . A web attacker can upload the .jar file using if the victim is currently logged into the printer's embedded web server. For newer devices, HP uses the web services based ‘Open Extensibility Platform’ () instead of Chai for which no SDK is publicly available.

Canon (MEAP)

The ‘Multifunctional Embedded Application Platform’ () is a Java-based software platform introduced by Canon in 2003 for their imageRunner series and extended to web services in 2010. Third party developers can obtain the MEAP for a fee of $5,000 which is certainly out of scope for research purposes.

Xerox/Dell (EIP)

The ‘Extensible Interface Platform’ () was announced in 2006 by Xerox for various MFPs. The architecture – which is also supported by a few rebadged Dell devices – is based on web services technology. The is freely available for registered developers.

Brother (BSI)

The ‘Brother Solutions Interface’ () is an XML-based web architecture launched in 2012 for scanners, copiers and printers. Access to the is available to licensed developers.

Lexmark (eSF)

The ‘Embedded Solution Framework’ () was launched in 2006 for Lexmark MFPs. The SDK to develop Java applications is reserved for ‘specially qualified partners’. According to ‘these applications must be digitally signed by Lexmark before being adopted’ using 2048-bit RSA signatures.

Samsung (XOA)

Ricoh (ESA)

Kyocera/Utax (HyPAS)

Konica Minolta (bEST)

Toshiba (e-BRIDGE)

Sharp (OSA)

Oki (sXP)

Results

Vendor

Platform

Embedded Java

Web services

Deployment

HP

Chai/OXP

✔

✔

web server

Xerox/Dell

EIP

✔

unknown

Canon

MEAP

✔

✔

unknown

Brother

BSI

✔

unknown

Lexmark

eSF

✔

unknown

Samsung

XOA

✔

✔

web server

Ricoh

ESA

✔

unknown

Kyocera/Utax

HyPAS

✔

✔

USB drive

Konica Minolta

bEST

✔

unknown

Toshiba

e-Bridge

✔

unknown

Sharp

OSA

✔

unknown

Oki

sXP

✔

unknown

How to test for this attack?

Obtain an SDK and write your own proof-of-concept application or find a ‘printer app’ which already does what you want (for example, automatically upload scanned documents to FTP). Also check which protection mechanisms exist to install custom software on the device.

Who can perform this attack?

Depended on how software packages are deployed.

The ‘eXtensible Open Architecture’ () was introduced by Samsung in 2008 and comes in two flavours: the XOA-E Java virtual machine and the web services based XOA-Web. The is only available to Samsung resellers.

The ‘Embedded Software Architecture’ () was launched by Ricoh in 2004. The Java based is available to developers after a registration.

The ‘Hybrid Platform for Advanced Solutions’ () has been released by Kyocera in 2008. Applications are based either on Java or on web services. The is only available for members of the ‘HyPAS Development Partner Programme’ and applications have to be approved by Kyocera.

The ‘bizhub Extended Solution Technology’ () which is based on web services was introduced by Konica Minolta in 2009. Access to the requires ‘platinum membership level’ in the developer program for a fee of $4,000 which is out of scope for independent researchers.

The ‘e-BRIDGE Open Platform’ () was released by Toshiba in 2008 to customize their high-end MFPs based on web services technology. An SDK is not available to the general public.

The ‘Open Systems Architecture’ () was announced by Sharp in 2004. The used to develop web services is fee-based and applications need to be validated by Sharp before they can be installed on an MFP.

The ‘smart eXtendable Platform’ () which is based on web services was launched by Oki Data in 2013 for their MFP devices. Oki does not publish any information regarding an official developer program or publicly available SDK.

On older HP laser printers, arbitrary Java bytecode can be executed as demonstrated by and . Security is based on the password of the embedded web server which can be easily retrieved with PostScript or bypassed by restoring factory defaults. It is hard to make a reasoned statement on the security of other software platforms because of lacking access to the SDK and/or proper technical documentation. A comparison of platforms, applied technologies and – where known – software package deployment procedures is given below:

[1]
firmware
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
http://printer/hp/device/this.loader
file system access
factory defaults
CSRF
OXP
MEAP
SDK
EIP
[6]
SDK
BSI
SDK
eSF
[7]
XOA
SDK
ESA
[8]
SDK/J
HyPAS
[9]
SDK
bEST
[10]
SDK
e-BRIDGE
OSA
[11]
SDK
sXP
[12]
[3]
[4]