Malware Analysis

Forensics CheatSheets

https://www.jaiminton.com/cheatsheet/DFIR/#

Online Services

• VirusTotal

• HybridAnalysis

• Koodous

• Intezer

Offline Antivirus and Detection Tools

Yara

Install

sudo apt-get install -y yara

Prepare rules

Use this script to download and merge all the yara malware rules from github: https://gist.github.com/andreafortuna/29c6ea48adf3d45a979a78763cdc7ce9 Create the rules directory and execute it. This will create a file called malware_rules.yar which contains all the yara rules for malware.

wget https://gist.githubusercontent.com/andreafortuna/29c6ea48adf3d45a979a78763cdc7ce9/raw/4ec711d37f1b428b63bed1f786b26a0654aa2f31/malware_yara_rules.py
mkdir rules
python malware_yara_rules.py

Scan

yara -w malware_rules.yar image  #Scan 1 file
yara -w malware_rules.yar folder #Scan hole fodler

YaraGen: Check for malware and Create rules

You can use the tool YaraGen to generate yara rules from a binary. Checkout these tutorials: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3

 python3 yarGen.py --update
 python3.exe yarGen.py --excludegood -m  ../../mals/

ClamAV

Install

sudo apt-get install -y clamav

Scan

sudo freshclam      #Update rules
clamscan filepath   #Scan 1 file
clamscan folderpath #Scan the hole folder

IOCs

IOC means Indicator Of Compromise. An IOC is a set of conditions that identifies some potentially unwanted software or a confirmed malware. Blue Teams use this kind of definitions to search for this kind of malicious files in their systems and networks. To share these definitions is very useful as when a malware is identified in a computer and an IOC for that malware is created, other Blue Teams can use it to identify the malware faster.

A tool to create or modify IOCs is **[IOC Editor](https://www.fireeye.com/services/freeware/ioc-editor.html). You can use tools such as **Redline **to search for defined IOCs in a device**.

Loki

****Loki **is a scanner for Simple Indicators of Compromise. Detection is based on four detection methods:

1. File Name IOC
   Regex match on full file path/name

2. Yara Rule Check
   Yara signature match on file data and process memory

3. Hash Check
   Compares known malicious hashes (MD5, SHA1, SHA256) with scanned files

4. C2 Back Connect Check
   Compares process connection endpoints with C2 IOCs (new since version v.10)

Linux Malware Detect

****Linux Malware Detect (LMD) is a malware scanner for Linux released under the GNU GPLv2 license, that is designed around the threats faced in shared hosted environments. It uses threat data from network edge intrusion detection systems to extract malware that is actively being used in attacks and generates signatures for detection. In addition, threat data is also derived from user submissions with the LMD checkout feature and from malware community resources.

rkhunter

Tools like rkhunter can be used to check the filesystem for possible rootkits and malware.

sudo ./rkhunter --check -r / -l /tmp/rkhunter.log [--report-warnings-only] [--skip-keypress]

PEpper

PEpper checks some basic stuff inside the executable (binary data, entropy, URLs and IPs, some yara rules).

NeoPI

****NeoPI is a Python script that uses a variety of statistical methods to detect obfuscated and encrypted content within text/script files. The intended purpose of NeoPI is to aid in the detection of hidden web shell code.

php-malware-finder

****PHP-malware-finder does its very best to detect obfuscated/dodgy code as well as files using PHP functions often used in malwares/webshells.

Apple Binary Signatures

When checking some malware sample you should always check the signature of the binary as the developer that signed it may be already related with malware.

#Get signer
codesign -vv -d /bin/ls 2>&1 | grep -E "Authority|TeamIdentifier"

#Check if the app’s contents have been modified
codesign --verify --verbose /Applications/Safari.app

#Check if the signature is valid
spctl --assess --verbose /Applications/Safari.app

Detection Techniques

File Stacking

If you know that some folder containing the files of a web server was last updated in some date. Check the date all the files in the web server were created and modified and if any date is suspicious, check that file.

Baselines

If the files of a folder shouldn't have been modified, you can calculate the hash of the original files of the folder and compare them with the current ones. Anything modified will be suspicious.

Statistical Analysis

When the information is saved in logs you can check statistics like how many times each file of a web server was accessed as a webshell might be one of the most.