Reset/Forgotten Password Bypass

The following techniques recompilation was taken from https://anugrahsr.github.io/posts/10-Password-reset-flaws/

Password Reset Token Leak Via Referrer

The HTTP referer is an optional HTTP header field that identifies the address of the webpage which is linked to the resource being requested. The Referer request header contains the address of the previous web page from which a link to the currently requested page was followed

Exploitation

• Request password reset to your email address

• Click on the password reset link

• Dont change password

• Click any 3rd party websites(eg: Facebook, twitter)

• Intercept the request in burpsuite proxy

• Check if the referer header is leaking password reset token.

Impact

It allows the person who has control of particular site to change the user’s password (CSRF attack), because this person knows reset password token of the user.

Reference:

• https://hackerone.com/reports/342693
• https://hackerone.com/reports/272379
• https://hackerone.com/reports/737042
• https://medium.com/@rubiojhayz1234/toyotas-password-reset-token-and-email-address-leak-via-referer-header-b0ede6507c6a
• https://medium.com/@shahjerry33/password-reset-token-leak-via-referrer-2e622500c2c1

Account Takeover Through Password Reset Poisoning

If you find a host header attack and it’s out of scope, try to find the password reset button!

Exploitation

• Intercept the password reset request in Burpsuite

• Add following header or edit header in burpsuite(try one by one)

Host: attacker.com

 Host: target.com
 X-Forwarded-Host: attacker.com

 Host: target.com
 Host: attacker.com

• Check if the link to change the password inside the email is pointing to attacker.com

Patch

Use $_SERVER['SERVER_NAME'] rather than $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']

$resetPasswordURL = "https://{$_SERVER['HTTP_HOST']}/reset-password.php?token=12345678-1234-1234-1234-12345678901";

Impact

The victim will receive the malicious link in their email, and, when clicked, will leak the user’s password reset link / token to the attacker, leading to full account takeover.

Reference:

• https://hackerone.com/reports/226659
• https://hackerone.com/reports/167631
• https://www.acunetix.com/blog/articles/password-reset-poisoning/
• https://pethuraj.com/blog/how-i-earned-800-for-host-header-injection-vulnerability/
• https://medium.com/@swapmaurya20/password-reset-poisoning-leading-to-account-takeover-f178f5f1de87

Account Takeover: Password Reset With Manipualating Email Parameter

Exploitation

• Add attacker email as second parameter using &

POST /resetPassword
[...]
email=[e-mail]&email=[e-mail]

• Add attacker email as second parameter using %20

POST /resetPassword
[...]
email=[e-mail]%20email=[e-mail]

• Add attacker email as second parameter using |

POST /resetPassword
[...]
email=[e-mail]|email=[e-mail]

• Add attacker email as second parameter using cc

POST /resetPassword
[...]
email="[e-mail]%0a%0dcc:[e-mail]"

• Add attacker email as second parameter using bcc

POST /resetPassword
[...]
email="[e-mail]%0a%0dbcc:[e-mail]"

• Add attacker email as second parameter using ,

POST /resetPassword
[...]
email="[e-mail]",email="[e-mail]"

• Add attacker email as second parameter in json array

POST /resetPassword
[...]
{"email":["[e-mail]","[e-mail]"]}

Reference

• https://medium.com/@0xankush/readme-com-account-takeover-bugbounty-fulldisclosure-a36ddbe915be
• https://ninadmathpati.com/2019/08/17/how-i-was-able-to-earn-1000-with-just-10-minutes-of-bug-bounty/
• https://twitter.com/HusseiN98D/status/1254888748216655872

Full Account Takeover via Changing Email And Password of any User through API Parameters

Exploitation

• Attacker have to login with their account and Go to the Change password function

• Start the Burp Suite and Intercept the request

• After intercepting the request sent it to repeater and modify parameters Email and Password

POST /api/changepass
[...]
("form": {"email":"[e-mail]","password":"12345678"})

Reference

• https://medium.com/@adeshkolte/full-account-takeover-changing-email-and-password-of-any-user-through-api-parameters-3d527ab27240

No Rate Limiting: Email Bombing

Exploitation

• Start the Burp Suite and Intercept the password reset request

• Send to intruder

• Use null payload

Reference

• https://hackerone.com/reports/280534
• https://hackerone.com/reports/794395

Find out How Password Reset Token is Generated

Figure out the pattern of password reset token

If it

• Generated based Timestamp

• Generated based on the UserID

• Generated based on email of User

• Generated based on Firstname and Lastname

• Generated based on Date of Birth

• Generated based on Cryptography

Use Burp Sequencer to find the randomness or predictability of tokens.

Response manipulation: Replace Bad Response With Good One

Look for Request and Response like these

HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
(“message”:”unsuccessful”,”statusCode:403,”errorDescription”:”Unsuccessful”)

Change Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
(“message”:”success”,”statusCode:200,”errorDescription”:”Success”)

Reference

• https://medium.com/@innocenthacker/how-i-found-the-most-critical-bug-in-live-bug-bounty-event-7a88b3aa97b3

Using Expired Token

• Check if the expired token can be reused

Brute Force Password Rest token

Try to bruteforce the reset token using Burpsuite

POST /resetPassword
[...]
email=[e-mail]&code=$BRUTE$

• Use IP-Rotator on burpsuite to bypass IP based ratelimit.

Reference

• https://twitter.com/HusseiN98D/status/1254888748216655872/photo/1

Try Using Your Token

• Try adding your password reset token with victim’s Account

POST /resetPassword
[...]
email=[e-mail]&code=$YOUR_TOKEN$

Reference

• https://twitter.com/HusseiN98D/status/1254888748216655872/photo/1

Session Invalidation in Logout/Password Reset

When a user logs out or reset his password, the current session should be invalidated. Therefore, grab the cookies while the user is logged in, log out, and check if the cookies are still valid. Repeat the process changing the password instead of logging out.

Reset Token expiration Time

The reset tokens must have an expiration time, after it the token shouldn't be valid to change the password of a user.

Extra Checks

• Use username@burp_collab.net and analyze the callback

• User carbon copy email=[e-mail]%0a%0dcc:[e-mail]

• Long password (>200) leads to DoS

• Append second email param and value